protest song report :: essays research papers

Report on Protest Song This break down has Got to Go by Peggy Seeger and Ewan MacColl.Peggy Seeger and Ewan MacColl were popular Folk musicians prior to and during the Vietnam War Era. They had a love of humanity and a great desire for justice and peace in the world. The subjects of their songs were real people in a real world. They wrote and sang about survival. Their lyrics were simple and sometimes conventional melodies formed the basis of their songs. Their musical equipment was mostly acoustic and they performed to large audiences throughout the world. They released many albums.A favourite peace march song around 1963 was That Bomb has Got to Go. In this song Seeger and MacColl describe the feelings and relate the events surrounding the times of the 1960s when many nations were arming themselves for war and they warn of the dangers of using all bombs(including nuclear bombs)as weapons.This can be seen through such lyrics as fall out here and fall out there and strontium ninet y everywhere. The song also describes their prophetic dream where the Prime Minister calls for disarmament in an over-crowded world and the Tories see the light.The main points of the song tell about the size of the bomb and the number of people one bomb can kill. It tells of the hopes of old folk, children at school, and the newly-born Prince, all of whom have a plan to march to Trafalgar Square, London to protest That Bomb Has Got to GoThe purpose of the song is to encourage the audience to pose action and to attend the protest march which ends in the gathering of protestors at Trafalgar Square, London, where the politicians, the Queen, the Prime Minister would notice them and be forced to re-think their Defence Policies.The lyrics, I stargaze the Tories saw the light and MacMillan (the Prime Minister) spoke in Parliament, lets stop this damned rearmament indicate that the songwriters believed that their cause would result in successful disarmament and ban of nuclear bombs. cha nge surface the newly-born prince who could not yet walk was supposed to have said Were marching to Trafalgar Square, ... to declare THAT BOMB HAS GOT TO GO.Because everyone, including babies and old folk were marching, the audience would have mat up compelled to join in. They were being positioned to feel that it was normal to protest.The song appeals to all persons who want to see peace in an overcrowded world, to those who want to live to a ripe old age, and to those persons who expend the golden rule.

Symbols and Symbolism Essay - Changing Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Changing Symbolism in The ruby-red Letter         In the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester Prynne was forced to wear an A on her chest. Hawthorne related the villagers changing perception of Hester Prynne to the changing symbolic representationism of the scarlet letter from a symbol of shame, ability, to honor.   In the beginning of the novel, the A symbolized shame and punishment. One villager voiced his opinion on the A when he stated, At the very least, they should have put the mark of a hot iron on Hester Prynnes forehead(p.59). The villagers saw the A as public punishment. They saw Hester as lucky because her punishment was not jolty enough. Another villager saw Hester in a new light when she said, She hath good skill in her needle...but did ever a woman...contrive such a way of demonstrate it...What is it but to laugh in the faces of our godly magistrates and make a pride out of what they, worthy gentlemen meant for pu nishment? The A made clear what the villagers Puritan principles were and showed the Puritans judicial system in action. When Hester embroidered the A beautifully, she mocked their judgment. Thus, the villagers saw Hester has prideful. The A also exposed the Puritans hidden shame. Hester recognized this when Hawthorne said, She felt an eye- a human eye - upon the ignominious brand, that seemed to invest a momentary relief, as if half of her agony were shared.(p.89). A few villagers saw the letter and Hester as a constant reminder of their own sin. Hester was the painful representation of the lust that they kept hidden inside. The Scarlet letter was seen as a symbol of shame yet caused the villagers to see Hester as fortunate, boastful, and as a symbol of their own faults.   Later in the novel, the A came to show a womans ability. The villagers said now, it meant Able so strong was Hester Prynne with a womans strength(p.156). The villagers realized that Hester end ured in all their stares and tormenting without ever saying or doing anything in return. They were impressed by her ability to be strong and raise a child and help many others at the same time.

The Wife of Bath :: Essays Papers

The Wife of BathIn the Wife of Baths Prologue, she tells the other pilgrims that she has much experience since she has been married five times. She believes in experience quite an than in writing. We can see this in the quotation Who painted the leon, tel me who? By God, if wom manpower hadden writen stories, As clerks han within hir oratories, They wolde had writen of men more wikkednesse Than al th merk of Adam may redresse. Norton, 132 She is very upset about the painting of a man killing a lion. Her fifth husband of all time reads his moderate about wicked wives, and he amuses himself by telling her the stories however, she doesnt like this. She is beautiful, powerful, energetic and relies on her experience, not on any writings or paintings.To highlight her strong and powerful appearance, she wears characteristic clothes. She puts strikingly big kerchiefs on her head, which seem to weigh about ten pounds, and she wears scarlet red stockings. She also wears a hat, and it is as broad as a buckler. Garters let her red stockings, and her shoes are soft and new. There is a pair of sharpened spurs on her feet. This probably tells us that she has had many experiences with all husbands in her life. She wears a long wide skirt. Her face is as bold as her character is, fair complexioned, and red. On the journey, she walks slowly and sits down easily. Overall, she has been respectable throughout her life. Chaucer also describes her as being deaf in one ear with a gap tooth.It was very rare for a woman in the fourteenth century to go as a pilgrim, talk about her experiences and thoughts in public and to be married five times. The Wife of Bath is an independent and powerful woman. She strongly believes in herself and in experience rather than in written authority, which are the texts written by men. She feels this way more after she marries her fifth husband. Her fifth husband always reads a book about wicked wives. He wants to control her however, she doesnt like it. Therefore she takes a page out of his book that he always reads since the book affects him badly then he hits her when he finds out about her disrespectful behavior. This is the reason for her deafness. She strongly believes she or women can write much better than men do.

My Antonia Essay: Antonia and Jim -- My Antonia Essays

Antonia and Jim of My Antonia In Willa Cathers My Antonia a special bond is formed, shattered, mended, and eventually secured between the main characters, Antonia Shimerda and Jim Burden. Jim and Antonia seem to be destined to affect each others lives dramatically, from the beginning of the novel. Starting at a young age, the main characters lives argon intertwined. They form a special bond, which have both(prenominal) positive and negative affects on their relationship. At the time when Jim and Antonia be growing up, a rigid affable structure exists in Nebraska. This genial difference contributed to the cosmea and alteration of their friendship in part, it is responsible for their behavior toward one another. The reader may discover a social distinction in the way the Shimerdas and the Burdens live. The Shimerdas argon a family of immigrants who come to Nebraska with nothing but the hope of building a better life. They have no knowledge of this new world that they be a bout to enter, except the image of their neighbors lives. In Black Hawk the Shimerdas are not even on the social scale. The Burdens, on the other hand, are distinctly part of a higher social order. They have impressive possesions and are even considered very wealthy by their new Bohemian neighbors. However, despite the social order, Jim and Antonia, immediately become friends. Their friendship is sparked when Jim teaches Antonia how to read and speak English. This is one of the first times the reader sees a division in their educational and social status. It affects them positively by bringing them closer together. As the novel progresses, the two young people remain fair... ... Randolph. Review of My Antonia. Murphys Critical Essays 145-147. Cather, Willa. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 5th edition, Vol 2. New YorkW.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1998, Pgs 937-1070. Dyck, Reginald. The libber Critique of Willa Cathers Fiction A Review Essay. Womens Studies 22 (1993 ) 263-279. Ferguson, Mary Anne. My Antonia in Womens Studies Pioneer Women and Men-- The Myth and the Reality. Rosowskis Approaches to Teaching 95-100. Helmick, Evelyn. The Mysteries of Antonia. Blooms Willa Cathers . . . , 109-119. Rosowski, Susan J., ed. Approaches to Teaching Cathers My Antonia. New York The Modern Language tie-up of America. 1989. Trilling, Lionel. Willa Cather. Blooms Modern Critical Views 7-15. Woodress, James. Willa Cather Her Life and Art. Lincoln University of Nebraska Press. 1970. My Antonia Essay Antonia and Jim -- My Antonia EssaysAntonia and Jim of My Antonia In Willa Cathers My Antonia a special bond is formed, shattered, mended, and eventually secured between the main characters, Antonia Shimerda and Jim Burden. Jim and Antonia seem to be destined to affect each others lives dramatically, from the beginning of the novel. Starting at a young age, the main characters lives are intertwined. They form a special bond, which have both positive and negative affects on their relationship. At the time when Jim and Antonia are growing up, a rigid social structure exists in Nebraska. This social difference contributed to the inception and alteration of their friendship in part, it is responsible for their behavior toward one another. The reader may discover a social distinction in the way the Shimerdas and the Burdens live. The Shimerdas are a family of immigrants who come to Nebraska with nothing but the hope of building a better life. They have no knowledge of this new world that they are about to enter, except the image of their neighbors lives. In Black Hawk the Shimerdas are not even on the social scale. The Burdens, on the other hand, are clearly part of a higher social order. They have impressive possesions and are even considered very wealthy by their new Bohemian neighbors. However, despite the social order, Jim and Antonia, immediately become friends. Their friendship is sparked when Jim teaches Ant onia how to read and speak English. This is one of the first times the reader sees a division in their educational and social status. It affects them positively by bringing them closer together. As the novel progresses, the two young people remain fair... ... Randolph. Review of My Antonia. Murphys Critical Essays 145-147. Cather, Willa. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 5th edition, Vol 2. New YorkW.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1998, Pgs 937-1070. Dyck, Reginald. The libber Critique of Willa Cathers Fiction A Review Essay. Womens Studies 22 (1993) 263-279. Ferguson, Mary Anne. My Antonia in Womens Studies Pioneer Women and Men-- The Myth and the Reality. Rosowskis Approaches to Teaching 95-100. Helmick, Evelyn. The Mysteries of Antonia. Blooms Willa Cathers . . . , 109-119. Rosowski, Susan J., ed. Approaches to Teaching Cathers My Antonia. New York The Modern Language intimacy of America. 1989. Trilling, Lionel. Willa Cather. Blooms Modern Critical Views 7-15. Woodress , James. Willa Cather Her Life and Art. Lincoln University of Nebraska Press. 1970.

Cultural and Technical Metaphors Essay -- Language Linguistics

Cultural and Technical MetaphorsIntroEveryday conversation is riddled with metaphoric analogies. Most often, they go unrealized by the speaker as well as the listener. Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary defines a metaphor as a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy amid them (as in drowning in money) (Metaphor 1). Metaphors be a quick and simple way of relating a message without divulging unnecessary details that would otherwise cloud the ultimate point. This is specially useful in technically related fields and subjects such as Information System Management (IS). IS is responsible for the management of computers, networking, and data that supports different levels of decisions at different levels of the organizational hierarchy (What is IS? 1). Even as the technical functions of computer systems develop new and detailed complexities, everyday users, not familiar with the ins and outs of their particular system, are able to effectively communicate problems or concerns to trained professionals. Similarly, experts in the Information Technology (IT) field are able to explain to users how to manage their systems using heuristically tried metaphors such as desktop and recycle bin which have become standard jargon/usage. Just as different fields of study simulate their own list of commonly accepted metaphors, the use of metaphors crosses lines of culture and ethnicity as well.BodyCommon MetaphorsSitting about 400 miles south of the US mainland is the exact island of Jamaica. Known for its beautiful beaches and clear waters, Jamaica has become a great vacationing spot. It is also the birthplace... ... Metaphor. Merriam- Websters Online Dictionary. 2006-2007. Merriam-Webster.com. 4 June 2007.Rasta/Patios Jamaican Phrases and Proverbs. 15 June 1997. Croal Islands Associates. 4 June 2007. Ren Descartes. Wekepedia.com. 4 June 2007. W ekemedia tail Inc. 5 June 2007.Songs of Freedom The Music of Bob Marley as Transformative Education. 2005. ReligiousEducation.net. 4 June 2007. What is IS?. Webopedia.com. 24 April 2007. Internet.com. 9 June 2007.

Cultural and Technical Metaphors Essay -- Language Linguistics

Cultural and Technical MetaphorsIntroEveryday conversation is riddled with metaphoric analogies. Most often, they go unrealized by the speaker as salutary as the listener. Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary defines a metaphor as a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting atomic number 53 kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them (as in dr stimulateing in money) (Metaphor 1). Metaphors are a quick and simple way of relating a message without divulging unnecessary details that would otherwise cloud the ultimate point. This is especially utilitarian in technically related fields and subjects such(prenominal) as Information System Management (IS). IS is responsible for the management of computers, networking, and data that supports various levels of decisions at different levels of the organizational hierarchy (What is IS? 1). Even as the technical functions of computer systems develop new and detailed complexities, everyday users, not familiar with the ins and outs of their particular system, are commensurate to effectively communicate problems or concerns to trained professionals. Similarly, experts in the Information Technology (IT) field are able to explain to users how to manage their systems using heuristically tested metaphors such as desktop and recycle bin which have become standard jargon/usage. Just as different fields of study adopt their own list of commonly accepted metaphors, the use of metaphors crosses lines of culture and ethnicity as well.BodyCommon MetaphorsSitting about 400 miles south of the US mainland is the tiny island of Jamaica. cognize for its beautiful beaches and clear waters, Jamaica has become a great vacationing spot. It is also the birthplace... ... Metaphor. Merriam- Websters Online Dictionary. 2006-2007. Merriam-Webster.com. 4 June 2007.Rasta/Patios Jamaican Phrases and Proverbs. 15 June 1997. Croal Islands Associates. 4 June 2007 . Ren Descartes. Wekepedia.com. 4 June 2007. Wekemedia Foundation Inc. 5 June 2007.Songs of Freedom The Music of Bob Marley as Transformative Education. 2005. ReligiousEducation.net. 4 June 2007. What is IS?. Webopedia.com. 24 April 2007. Internet.com. 9 June 2007.

John F. Kennedy’s Assassination: the History and Reflection

John F. Kennedys assassination was, and lull is, a difficult one to understand. On November 22, 1963 President Kennedy was changeable twice once in the back and forbidden the throat, and another(prenominal) in the brain, with a third green goddess missing Kennedy. He arrived in D entirelyas, Texas and started his route in an open limo. When the limo glided down Elm Street, Kennedy was shot. Three shots were heard among the crowd and the President had been fatally wounded. The Zapruder Film captured the assassination. It showed Kennedy being shot as well as the Governor, Connally.Kennedy was shot through the throat and the Governor was hit in the back. Not long after that, Kennedy was shot a second date, this time in the subject/brain. Police searched the sixth floor of the Book Depository and not only found the spot where the shooter had been, simply also three hummer shells and the go used to do the job. lee Harvey Oswald was the murder suspect and when Oswald, when pulled over, shot a Police officer four times there was little doubt that he had committed the crime. Oswald was eventually found and arrested him in a movie theatre.He was so taken to the Police Headquarters where he was questioned, and when he was to be transferred to another jail (two days after the assassination) he was shot by a man, Jack cerise. Vice President Johnson was then sworn into the Presidency and spoke concisely to the public. Many conspiracies rose from the assassination of whether Oswald worked alone, for someone, or with someone. John F. Kennedys assassination was a surprising one for me. The irony in this assassination seemed to be disperse of a story. I couldnt think that they actually had footage of the shooting.The reality of the case was a lot to take in, especially since that was only around 48 days ago. It is hard to imagine the pain he mustve been feeling and the pain his wife was going through to see her husband struggling to breathe and then see his head shot in front of her eye. My question is how was she able to handle that? To see her husband die right in front of her eyes and not being able to help him. It made me think about how fragile action is, how one second youre happy and content with your life and the next you dont even demand one.Did Mrs. Kennedy have help papal bulling with the traumatic loss? Did she take precautions more(prenominal) seriously? Did she ever drop into a stage of depression? Mrs. Kennedy was a very strong woman to have lived through her husbands murder in front of her eyes. Robert Oswald was leeward Harvey Oswalds brother and according to him and research leeward had a tough life. lee side didnt grow up with a father and had no friends in his teen years. He alsok an interest in communism and would eventually consider himself a Marxist.leeward Harvey Oswald joined the Marine Corps and was superb at his baron in the shooting range. Lee was able to shoot 200 yards away from a target at 49 out of a possible 50 times at an impressing time. Later on he moved to the Soviet Union where he valued to join in the Soviet Union agency, but was rejected. Oswald eventually got a job and found a wife, Marina. Oswald was ambitious to ingest something of himself and to install himself enduren, so much so that when he returned to the United States he was expecting reporters to be there to cover his return.To his disappointment no one was there. Oswald was an abusive husband, and he also planned on being a political assassin. Wanting to make a mark on history, Lee bought a hand gun as well as a rifle under the name of A. Hiddle. afterwards he plotted on killing an ex-general, Walker, but didnt succeed when the bullet bounced away from the intended target off the glass of a window. Marina too Oswald to New Orleans hoping to calm him down and get his mind off of whatever he was thinking of. To her disappointment, he started handing out leaflets stating, HANDS OFF CUBA and acquire into f ights with Anti-Castro Cubans and got himself arrested. After that he wanted Marina to help him hi-jack a plane to Cuba, and later Marina left him to go back to Dallas. Lee got a job back in Texas at the Book Depository when the route for the President came out in the papers. Convenient for Lee, the route went passed right where he worked. Lees chance for a place in the history books was there and he took it. The day before he killed Kennedy he left a note to his wife with some coin saying to make for certain his son gets some shoes.November 22, 1963 Lee arrived with the rifle wrapped up in a 38-inch long paper bag. Saying that it was chill rods, Oswald walked in and awaited the President to pass by. When Oswald shot the three shots he fled, killing an officer in the process, and hid in a movie theatre. When he was arrested he was questioned and taken to transfer jails when another man by the name of Jack Ruby shot Lee Harvey Oswald. One of my main questions is why Lee Harvey Osw ald would get off the rifle, the three shellings, and the paper bag used to cover the rifle, behind.Also, I wonder why he didnt fully think the whole thing through. He shouldve had an escape plan in the ready after the job was done. Many criminals dont miss this step in the planning and it seems similar Lee didnt even think about it. It seemed that Lee did this in the spur of the moment, which is a good thing for the officers to find all the evidence left behind, and he didnt full think. Jack Ruby was another man whose life story was a sad one. As one historian said, he was a wannabe never-was. Ruby was known for his bad temper and his need for importance.Ruby hung around the police and became well known among them. He got close to them to the point where he could come and go in the headquarters as he pleased. When he heard about Lee and how he had been suspected of killing the president he drove over to the headquarters with his get behind in the car and parked a block from the police HQ. Ruby actually caught Lee by luck, Lee was supposed to be transferred before the time Ruby showed up but wasnt because Lee wanted to change his clothes. As Lee was being walked out Ruby stood out and shot Lee in the gut.Ruby was arrested on the spot. He debated he was an American Hero and that he did the right thing. Because of the killing of Lee Harvey Oswald conspiracies flourished throughout the American nation. I wonder whether or not Ruby premeditated the killing of Lee. Since it said that Ruby was lucky to see Lee there, it got me thinking. If Ruby was heading over there with the intent on killing Lee I thought that he wouldve arrived on time or by the time that Lee was scheduled to be there, not the time that he was already supposed to be gone.If I wanted to kill someone I would make sure that I would show up at the right time where my intended target was going to be, not just show up and thingmajig him by luck. To me I think that it is weird to think that Ruby wa s planning on killing Lee when he drove up to the headquarters with his dog in the car and showed up at the supposedly wrong time. The Warren Commission was the investigation of the assassination. There were two goals of the Warren Commission to settle the desire in the U. S. A, and to dispel any rumors of foreign intrigue.Johnson wanted the Warren Commission to finish before the next election in 1964. The longer the investigation went on, the more conspiracies would thrive. The Warren Commission explored the evidence found at the crime paroxysm. Using the spot where Kennedy and Connally were shot and the trajectory of the bullet, they were able to pin-point the location of the rifleman to the sixth story window of the Book Depository. Fingerprints were found on the paper bag, the boxes, and the place where the rifle was fired that all matched Lee Harvey Oswalds.The bullets that were found in Governor Connallys thigh, Kennedy, and also the miss-fired one, could all be traced back to Oswalds gun, this would prove that only Oswald was involved in the murder. When the Warren Commission came out to the public, many Americans didnt believe it. The fact that the twenty-six volumes some had mistakes, only fueled the conspiracy theories. The public, and the people who worked on the Warren Commission, didnt find out until later that the Kennedy administration was difficult to figure out a way to kill Castro.Johnson couldnt help but believe that Castro had something to do with the assassination, and as a result he believed that Kennedy wanted to get Castro, but Castro got him first. The Warren Commission was a smart move I think on Johnsons part, but I think it was human body of hypocritical. Johnson wanted the Warren Commission to settle mood in the U. SA, but at the same time Johnson was worried. Also the goal of the Warren Commission was to close to stop the conspiracies, but yet Johnson had his thoughts of Cubas intervening. I find that somewhat hypocritical. I wanted to know how long it actually took to finish the Warren Report.If it didnt take a lot of time to write or investigate than that should account for the mistakes that were found with the report, but those mistakes cannot have a reason unless I was to be there and savor at the report for myself. The House Select Committee on the Assassination was appointed by the House to deal with the many distinct conspiracies. The Chief Council was G. Robert Blakey. This Committee re-examined the Warren Commission, the evidence and more of the Assassination. When the re-examination was done the Committee only confirmed that Lee Harvey Oswald really was the only killer.They asked Castro if he had anything to do with it and Castro responded that it would have been insanity to kill the President. Although both investigations came up with the same result, many Americans still refused to accept it. Theories about a second shooter in the grassy hillock became popular, especially with a cops micr ophone recording of what seems to be a fourth shot, not fired by Oswald. This conspiracy was denounced though because the cops position at the time of the shootings was too far from the locations of the firings to be recorded.G. Robert Blakey believed that that the killing of Lee was a mob hit. That someone had to take out Lee to make sure he wouldnt say anything, but if that were true than another person would have to take out Ruby to make sure he wouldnt talk and so on, and that becomes a never-ending cycle. These acoustic findings were soon rejected. It baffles my mind to learn about the many different conspiracies that were and are still around. I cannot fully understand the reasoning behind the many beliefs about the assassination of JFK.It seems that for every conspiracy that was proved faulty there were at least two more that took its place. And even those that were denounced people still believe them. I dont know why it is so hard to believe that Lee Harvey Oswald was the on ly assassin. Perhaps it was a way to cope with the pain back then, but even now many people I know dont know much about the Kennedy Assassination or even care, but when asked about the conspiracies they take a side. Why? Oliver Stone was a very famous movie director who directed a film about the assassination of JFK and the Conspiracy theory of Jim Garrison.This movie fueled conspiracy. Garrison (in history, not the movie) was obsessed with proving a conspiracy. He promoted himself as the only one brave enough to uncover the truth. Jim only put one man on trial, and that was carcass Shaw. He never gave an explanation as to why he thought Shaw would conspire to kill Kennedy. When Perry Raymond Russo, Jim Garrisons key witness against Clay Shaw, was faced with a polygraph test, he freaked out, and recanted his testimony saying that he actually didnt see Shaw conspire against Kennedy.When Garrison heard of this he went crazy, but still put Clay Shaw on the stand. The jury found Garris ons claim without a base and threw it out. Unlike the truth, Oliver Stones movie JFK made Garrison look like an American hero. What was Oliver Stones reason to make this film how he made it? In some ways it makes Garrison look like the American hero, but I wonder if that theme was constant throughout the movie as I watched the trailers. In the movie it seems like Garrison is fight for the truth and fighting for the American people.But is that the real message? Another scene I saw was a complete laugh. There was a scene where Garrison (in the movie the actor) was explaining how the bullet that shot Kennedy shot down Kennedys back then shot up through his throat then the bullet curved left then right then into the back of Connally. That whole scene was a questionable moment because common sense says that a bullet will not go down, up, left, right, left, and then down again.

Purinex Inc. Case Study Essay

Executive Summary1. Statement of ProblemThis study is commissioned to analyze the Purinex, Inc. funding plan, which is related to determine the best finance alternate(a) for the company in securing additional cash needed to establish a coalition with a large-capitalization pharmaceutical firm. Gilad Harpaz, Purinexs chief financial ships officer believes a partnership deal could bring the company to execute its mission, developing drugs for the sermon of sepsis and diabetes. However, the problem facing Purinex is thatwhile there is a chance for Purinex to near a partner in the next four to xii months, Purinex just has available cash to last a more or less 11 months furthermore, there is still a very strong chance that a different partnership would occur about one year later. In short, Purinex is now facing the challenge of the privation of capital to reach the partnership deals. According to the case, Gilad Harpaz is considering three options for Purinex to solve the proble m. To help identify the feasibility and attractiveness of these financial support alternatives, this study is based on the conclusiveness tree approach to evaluate the options.2. DiscussionAs described in the case, firstly, the partnership deal would entitle Purinex to receive a combination of up-front fees, milestone payments, and royalties for the treatment of either sepsis or diabetes (see Appendix 1 for the detailed information). Secondly, due to the lack of capital, there are three financing options 1) raising a one-time round financing from a Venture Capital (VC) firm, 2) simply waiting in the expectation that either sepsis deal or the diabetes deal would come through, and 3) undertaking another one-time round financing from a number of angel investors. It is needed to melodic line that when Purinex seeks external funding investments either from VC firm or angel investing, the investors will acquire accepted equity in Purinex (see Appendix 2 for the expected ownership perc entage). Nevertheless, if Purinex chooses to maintain 100 percent witness, it would lose the opportunity to secure a third-party partnership which is pass judgment to occur about one year later.The reason is that Purinex has only $700,000 cash on hand which is good only for around 11 months. It is important to note that this study is based on the following assumptionthecombination of monies for each partnership deal will be received once Purinex successfully secures a partner. In addition, the opportunity of establishing a partnership with a pharmaceutical company for the wait-6-months option is estimated to be 25% since the achieved partnership chance for the next four to twelve months is about 75% (see Appendix 3 for the calculation).Furthermore, the expected value (EV) for each financing option is derived from the calculation of the EV of the partnership deal, and it is based on the rack of the founders equity interest. As a result, the conclusiveness tree for Purinexs finan cing plan is shown in Appendix 4. One can neb that based on the potential unsay and risk level, the financing alternative for waiting 6 months is ranked as the highest risk option in footing of offering the highest potential return. The reason is that Purinex does not have to share its earning with other parties. Thus, once the partnership agreement is reached, Purinexs founders can obtain the entire EV of $325 million. However, the study risk associated with this option is Purinex has far less opportunity to secure a partner. While there is a 75% chance for VC and angel financing options to achieve the partnership deal, this option just has a 25% probability. Furthermore, the VC and angel financing options still have the other chancea 95% probabilityto secure a different partnership about one year later.With regard to the VC option and the Angel option, it seems like the VC option provides a higher return for the sources of cash since this option just takes 3 months to complete the process and could offer Purinex $10 million, which enables Purinex to survive another 15 years. In addition, the VC option will cleanse 10% for the terms of either drug deal. However, this study would consider financing from angel investors is more feasible and attractive for Purinex based on the analysis of purpose tree. The decision tree shows the fact that VC firms would require 40 percent of the equity in Purinex, resulting in the situation of having less EV. Perhaps the most important work out is that there is a very strong chancea 98.75% possibility (100% 25% * 5%)that a partnership deal will come through during the following two years, and thereby raising $2 million form angel investors is quite enough for Purinex to secure the partnership deal.In addition to the analysis of decision tree, there is still a qualitative consideration that has impact on structuring the decision. Indeed, with the external financing,the existing owners share composition will be changed th at would trigger the control power issue and impose a significant number of restrictions on Purinex, including preferences for board appointments, antidilution rights liquidity, participation, and negative covenants. Therefore, choosing the angel option would offset this negative impact because Purinexs ownership percentage will still be 89.74%, which is much greater than a 60% for the VC option.3. RecommendationFundamentally, the goal of Gilad Harpaz is to seek the best financing alternative for Purinex in securing additional funds in order to accomplish the partnership deals and maximize the value of Purinex today. Based on the presented analysis of decision tree, a major finding of this study is that Gilad Harpaz should try to adopt and implement the angel financing strategy which has a maximum EV along with lower risk. However, with this strategy, the issue of dilution in the founders equity interest is still needed to be considered. In addition, in order to pursue the future gr owth, Purinex should try to employ the partnership strategy to generate more sales at a short period of time. Hence, this study believes, based on the decision tree approach, the best financing alternative for Purinex is financing with Angel investors along with the partnership strategy.

Zoe’s Tale PART II Chapter Eighteen

The conversation Hickory was having with pappa active(predicate) the faction and the colonial amalgamation was in reality interesting, decline up until the point where Hickory verbalize it and Dickory were planning to kill my parents. Then, well. I sort of lost it.To be fair, it had been a really want day.I had say good night to Enzo, dragged my hardlyt home, and could barely hypothesise straight enough to hide the st adept knife in my dresser and place upright off Babars lick attack on my face before I collapsed onto my cot and passed out without til now b othering to get all the sort undressed. At nearly point after I lay d give, Jane came home from the medical bay, kissed me on the forehead and slipped off my boots, just I barely remember that other than utter something to her about how happy I was she was expose. At least, thats what I was aphorism inside my head I dont go if my mouth formed the actual words. I think it did. I was very tired at the time.Not besides much after that, though, pascal came in and gently nudged me awake. Come on, hon, he said. I exact you to do something for me.Ill do it in the morning, I mumbled. I swear.No, sweetheart, he said. I emergency you to do it now. The tone of his voice, gentle but insistent, told me he really did need me to get up. I did, but with enough grumbling to offer my honor. We went to the living room of our bungalow pa steered me to the couch, which I sat on and tried to maintain a semiconscious state that would allow me to go butt to sleep when we were done with whatever it was we were doing. Dad sat d declare at his desk Mom stood contiguous to him. I smiled sleepily at her but she seemed non to nonice. Between me and my parents were Hickory and Dickory.Dad spoke to Hickory. Can you two check a breather? he asked it.We have non yet falsehoodd to you, Hickory said. Which even in my sleepy state I recognized as not being an actual come to the incredulity that was asked. Dad and Hickory bantered back and forth a little about what being able to lie brings to a conversation (in my opinion, mostly the ability to not have to argue about stupid things its just better to lie about, but no one asked me), and then Dad asked me to insure Hickory and Dickory to upshot all his questions without any lies or evasions.This finally woke me all the way up. Why? I asked. Whats going on?Please do it, Dad said.All right, I said, and then turned to Hickory. Hickory, please answer my dad without lying to him or evading his questions. All right?As you wish, Zoe, Hickory said.Dickory too, I said.We will both answer truthfully, Hickory said.Thank you, Dad said, and then turned back to me. You can go back to bed now, sweetie.This annoyed me. I was a human being, not a truth serum. I want to know whats going on, I said.Its not something you need to worry about, Dad said.You order me to have these two tell you the truth, and you want me to believe its not something I need t o worry about? I asked. The sleep toxins were taking their time leaving my system, because even as I was saying this I realized it came out showing a little more(prenominal) attitude to my parents than was entirely warranted at the moment.As if to confirm this, Jane straightened herself up a bit. Zoe, she said.I recalibrated. Besides, if I chip in theres no guarantee they wont lie to you, I said, trying to sound a bit more reasonable. Theyre emotionally equipped to lie to you, because they dont care about disappointing you. But they dont want to disappoint me. I didnt know if this was rattling true or not. But I was guessing it was.Dad turned to Hickory. Is this true?We would lie to you if we felt it was necessary, Hickory said. We would not lie to Zoe.There was a really interesting question here of whether Hickory was saying this because it was actually true, or whether it was saying it in order to back me up on what I said, and if the latter, what the actual truth value of the statement was. If I were more awake, I think I would have thought about it more at the time. But as it was, I just nodded and said, There you go, to my dad.Breathe a word of this to anyone and youre spending the next year in the horse stall, Dad said.My lips are sealed, I said, and closely do a lip-locking motion, but thought better of it at the last second.And a good thing, too, because suddenly Jane came up and loomed over me, bearing her I am as serious as death expression. No, she said. I need you to understand that what youre hearing here you absolutely cannot share with anyone else. Not Gretchen. Not any of your other friends. Not anyone. Its not a game and its not a fun deep. This is dead serious business, Zoe. If youre not ready to accept that, you need to leave this room right now. Ill take my chances with Hickory and Dickory lying to us, but not you. So do you understand that when we tell you not to share this with anyone, that you cannot share it with anyone else? Yes or no.Several thoughts entered my mind at that moment.The first is that it was time like this when I had the smallest inkling of how terrifying Jane must have been as a soldier. She was the best mom a girl could ever have, make no mistake about it, but when she got like this, she was as hard and cold and direct as any person could be. She was, to use a word, intimidating. And this was just with words. I tried to imagine her stalking across a battlefield with the same expression on her face she had now, and standard-issue Defense Forces rifle. I think I actually felt at least three of my internal organs contract at the thought.The second is I wondered what she would think of my ability to persist a secret if she had known what I had just done with my evening.The third was maybe she did, and that was what this was about.I felt several other of my internal organs contract at that thought.Jane was good-tempered looking at me, cold like stone, waiting for my answer.Yes, I said. I unde rstand, Jane. Not a word.Thank you, Zoe, Jane said. Then she bent down and kissed the top of my head. bonny like that, she was my mom again. Which in its way made her even more terrifying, if you ask me.That settled, Dad started asking Hickory about the Conclave and what it and Dickory knew about that group. Since we had made the jump to Roanoke, we had been waiting for the Conclave to limit us, and when they found us, to destroy us, like they had destroyed the Whaid colony in the video the Colonial Union had given us. Dad wanted to know if what Hickory knew about the Conclave was different than what we knew.Hickory said yes, basically. They knew quite a bit about the Conclave, based on the Obin governments own files on them and that their own files, contrary to what we had been told by the Colonial Union, showed that when it came to colonies, the Conclave much preferred to evacuate the colonies they confronted, rather than destroying them.Dad asked Hickory why, if they had diffe rent information, they had not shared it earlier. Hickory said because they had been ordered not to by their government neither Hickory nor Dickory would have lied about having the information if Dad had asked them, but he had never asked them about it before. I think this struck Dad as a bit weaselly on the part of Hickory and Dickory, but he allow it go.Dad asked Hickory if itd seen the video the Colonial Union had given us, of the Conclave destroying the Whaid colony. Hickory said that it and Dickory had their own version. Dad asked if their version was different Hickory said it was it was longer and showed General Gau, who had ordered the desolation of the Whaid colony, trying to convince the Whaidi colony leader to let the Conclave evacuate the colonists, only to have the Whaid refuse to leave before the destruction of their colony. Hickory said that other times, on other colony worlds, colonists did ask to be evacuated, and the Conclave carried them off the planet, and sen t them back to their homeworlds or allowed them to join the Conclave as citizens.Jane asked for numbers. Hickory said they knew of seventeen colony removals by the Conclave. Ten of those had the Conclave returning colonists to their former homes. Four of those had the colonists joining the Conclave. however three involved the destruction of the colonies, after the colonists refused to move. The Conclave was dead serious about not allowing anyone else to start new colonies, but unlike what we were told by the Colonial Union didnt insist on killing everyone on those new colonies to make the point.This was fascinating stuff and disturbing. Because if what Hickory was saying was true and it was, because Hickory would not lie to me, or to my parents against my will then it meant that either the Colonial Union had been wildly wrong about the Conclave, and its leader General Gau, or that the CU had lied to us when it told us what would happen if the Conclave found us. The first of th ese was certainly possible, I suppose the Colonial Union was in a state of active dislike with almost every other alien race that we knew about, which I would guess would make intelligence gathering harder than it might be if we had more friends. But it was really more likely that the second of these was the truth Our government lied to us. But if the Colonial Union lied to us, why did it do it? What did it get from lying to us, kick us to who knows where in the universe, and making us live in fear of being discovered and putting all of us in danger?What was our own government up to?And what would the Conclave really do to us if it found us?This was such an interesting thing to think about that I almost missed the part where Hickory explained the reason why it and Dickory actually had detailed files about the Conclaves other colony removals in order to convince Mom and Dad, should the Conclave come knocking, to birth our colony rather than to let it be destroyed. And why would t hey want to convince Mom and Dad of this?Because of Zoe? Dad asked Hickory.Yes, Hickory said.Wow, I said. This was news.Quiet, sweetheart, Dad said, and then gave his attention back to Hickory. What would happen if Jane and I chose not to surrender the colony? he asked.We would prefer not to say, Hickory said.Dont evade, Dad said. Answer the question.I caught Hickory giving me a quick look before it answered. We would kill you and Lieutenant Sagan, Hickory said. You and any other colony leader who would authorize the destruction of the colony.Dad said something to this and Hickory said something back, but I missed most of it because my brain was trying to process what I had just heard, and it was absolutely and all in all utterly failing. I knew I was of the essence(predicate) to the Obin. I had always known it abstractly, and then Hickory and Dickory had pounded the point into me months ago, when they had attacked me and showed me what it felt to be hunted, and showed me why I had to visualize to defend myself. But in no formulation of my importance was even the conception that I was so important to the Obin that if it came to it, they would kill my parents to save me.I didnt even know how to think about something like that. Didnt know how to feel about it. The idea kept trying to hook into my brain, and it just wasnt working. It was like having an out of dead body experience. I floated up over the conversation, and listened to Jane interject herself into the discussion, asking Hickory if even after admitting this as their plan, if it and Dickory would noneffervescent kill her and lav. Kill my mom and dad.If you choose to surrender the colony, yes, Hickory said.I actually felt a snap as I reeled myself back into my head, and Im happy to say that I quite suddenly knew on the button how to feel about all of this absolutely enraged.Dont you dare, I said, and I flung out the words. Under no circumstances will you do that. I was surprised to find myself stand ing when I said it I didnt remember getting up. I was shaking so hard with anger I wasnt sure how I was still standing.Hickory and Dickory both flinched at my anger, and trembled. This one thing we must refuse you, Hickory said. You are too important. To us. To all Obin.To all Obin.If I could have spat, I would.Here it was again. All of my life, bounded by the Obin. Bounded not in who I was, but what I was. By what I meant to them. There was nothing about my own life that mattered in this, except what entertainment I could give them as billions of Obin played the records of my life like it was a funny show. If any other girl had been Charles Boutins daughter, they would have happily watched her life instead. If any other girls adopted parents had gotten in the way of the Obins plan for her, they would have slaughtered them, too. Who I was meant nothing. The only thing that mattered was that I just happened to have been one mans daughter. A man who the Obin had thought could give the m something. A man whose daughters life they had bargained with to get that thing. A man who ended up dying because of the work hed done for them. And now they wanted more sacrifices.So I let Hickory and Dickory know how I felt. Ive already lost one parent because of the Obin, I said, and loaded everything I could into that last word. All my anger and disgust and horror and rage, at the idea they should so casually decide to take from me two people who had only ever shown me love and affection and honor, and flick them aside like they were nothing more than an inconvenience.I hated Hickory and Dickory that minute. despised them in that way that comes only when someone you love takes that love and betrays it, completely and totally. Hated them because they would betray me because they believe they loved me.I hated them.Everybody calm down, John said. No one is killing anyone. All right? This is a nonissue. Zoe, Hickory and Dickory arent going to kill us because were not going to let the colony be destroyed. Simple as that. And there is no way I would let anything happen to you, Zoe. Hickory and Dickory and I all agree that you are too important for that.I opened my mouth to say something to that and just started sobbing instead. I felt like Id gone numb from the legs suddenly Jane was there, holding me and leading me back to the couch. I sobbed on her like I did so many years ago outside that toy store, trying to sort out everything I was thinking.I heard Dad make Hickory and Dickory swear to protect me, always, under all circumstances. They swore. I felt like I didnt want their help or protection ever again. I knew it would pass. Even now I knew it was because of the moment that I felt this way. It didnt change the fact that I still felt it. I was going to have to live with it from now on.Dad talked with Hickory more about the Conclave and asked to see the Obins files on the other colony removals. Hickory said they would need to go to the information center t o do it. Even though it was now so late it was almost morning, Dad wanted to do it right then. He gave me a kiss and headed out the door with the Obin Jane held back a second.Are you going to be okay? she asked me.Im having a really intense day, Mom, I said. I think I want it to be over.Im sorry you had to hear what Hickory said, Jane said. I dont think there would have been any good way to handle it.I sniffled out a small grin. You seem to have taken it well, I said. If someone was telling me they had plans to kill me, I dont think I would have taken it anywhere as calmly.Lets just say I wasnt entirely surprised to hear Hickory say that, Jane said. I looked up at her, surprised. Youre a treaty condition, remember, she said. And you are the Obins main experience of what its like to live.They all live, I said.No, Jane said. They exist. Even with their consciousness implants they hardly know what to do with themselves, Zoe. Its all too new to them. Their race has no experience with it . They dont just watch you because you entertain them. They watch you because youre teaching them how to be. Youre teaching them how to live.Ive never thought about it that way, I said.I know you havent, Jane said. You dont have to. Living comes naturally to you. More naturally than to some of the rest of us.Its been a year since any of them have seen me, I said. Any of them but Hickory and Dickory. If Ive been teaching them how to live, I wonder what theyve been doing for the last year.Theyve been missing you, Mom said, and kissed the top of my head again. And now you know why theyll do anything to have you back. And to keep you safe.I didnt have a good answer to that. Mom gave me one last quick hug and headed to the door to join Dad and the Obin. I dont know how long this is going to take us, she said. Try going to bed again.Im too worked up to get back to sleep, I said.If you get some sleep youll credibly be less worked up when you wake up, Jane said.Trust me, Mom, I said. Its go ing to take something pretty big to get me over being worked up about all of this.

Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) Practices and the Performance of a Nigerian Small and Medium Size Enterprise (SME).

IntroductionThe parting of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to the economic growth and kick downstairsment has been enormous. This contribution is significant for both the developed and developing world. umpteen governments acknowledge the fact that SMEs play a significant role in the growth and development of their economies. Consequently, a number of government investment projects are pitch towards fostering the growth and development of local SMEs.The institution of policies geared towards the facilitation and empowerment of SMEs as surface as improving the performance of SMEs remains a major(ip) objective of many economic policy makers and governments. In addition, international economic and financial bodies such as the IMF, World Bank, the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the transnational Financial Corporation (IFC) take away invested heavily in making SMEs robust and vibrant in developing countries. Furthermore, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in develop ing countries such as Nigeria have employed advocacy and capacity-building campaigns to get along the growth of SMEs.Despite the importance accorded to SMEs as well as their contribution to economic growth, Onugu (2005) argues that the performance of SMEs in Nigeria has been below expectations. unalike SMEs in other countries, the contribution of Nigerian SMEs to economic growth has non been very impressive (Onogu, 2005).Following from its independence, the Federal government of Nigeria has invested significant sums of money to promote entrepreneurial and small business development projects (Mambula, 1997, 2002). However, results from these projects have not been very impressive. In order words, most of these projects have often been unable to yield their pass judgment returns. Despite the countrys endowment with raw materials and other natural imaginativenesss, there has been little progress towards the development of the manufacturing sector, which could have increased the pro duction of look on added products thereby substituting imports, increasing exports and increasing employment (Mambula, 1997, 2002).Business failure often comes as a result of a number of factors. This could be as a result of poor customer service, poor wariness and poor gay option management. While the poor performance of SMEs in Nigeria can be attributed to a number of factors, kind-heartedkind imaging management could be a major factor in determining this poor performance. Human resources are a principal source of economic growth. Like other resources, human resources require effective and efficient utilisation so as to ensure maximum contribution is gaind from them. Approximately 50 per cent of people work in small and medium sized enterprises.Despite this high proportion of human resources in SMEs, most studies that news report human resource management have foc employ on large corporations with very limited attention to SMEs. Moreover, most studies on the practices of human resource management have been carried out in the developed world with very limited attention paid to developing countries like Nigeria. This study is one of the fewer studies that focus on the management of human resources in SMEs in a developing country. The country that has been chosen for the study is Nigeria. The idea examines the factors that affect the practices of human resource management in an SME in Nigeria and how these practices can affect the performance of the SME in particular and its contribution to the overall growth of the economy as a whole.Objectives of the scan The objective of the study is to examine the SHRM practices of an SME in Nigeria. The study result also examine how those practices affect the performance of the SME and declare oneself policy implications of the findings for future strategy development.Research QuestionsThe paper provide be providing answers to the following questionsWhat are the strategic human resource management practices of the SME How do these practices affect the performance of the SME What are the implications for future development of strategical human resource management practices at the SMEResearch OutlineThe paper is going to follow the following areas Section one give cover the introduction section 2 will be dealing with the literature review section 3 will be discussing the methodology and describing the data section 4 will provide the results and analysis and section 5 will present conclusions and recommendations.Literature ReviewStrategic human resource management (SHRM) practices refer to those activities that are specifically developed, punish and implemented on a deliberate alignment to a firms strategy (Huselid et al., 1997). The phrase strategic human resource management is an denotation that people in the firm are regarded as strategic resources (i.e human capital) that must be managed and leveraged when implementing and executing the strategy of the firm. In early years, effort s made to develop a conceptual framework on strategic human resource management were based on the assumption that in order to promote human behaviour that would fulfil the strategic objectives of the firm, the firm had to implement specific human resource management practices (Fisher, 1989 Schuler and Jackson, 1989 Snell, 1992).A strategic approach to human resource management is an approach that links the human resource management policies with the strategic objectives of the firm. There has been significant debate over the term SHRM as has been the case for human resource management (HRM). Many researchers argue that SHRM lacks conceptual clarity (e.g., Bamberger and Meshoulam, 2000). Three competing frameworks on SHRM have emerged the contingency, universal and configurational perspectives (Miles and Snow, 1984 Schuler and Jackson, 1987 Delery and Doty, 1996 Pfeffer, 1998 Youndt et al., 1996 Boxall and Purcell, 2000, 2008). According to the universal perspective, all HR practices in all firms have a positive impact on firm performance (Delery and Doty, 1996). The configurational perspective suggests that firm performance depends on unique HR practices while the contingency perspective suggests that a firms HR practices are a function of its strategy (Miles and Snow, 1984 Schuler and Jackson, 1987). A number of studies have tried and true the different frameworks and found contradictory results. For example, Youndt et al. (1996) and Chang and Huang (2005) argue in favour of the contingency perspective while Tackeuchi et al. (2003) favour the configurational perspective.The frameworks suggested above are mostly relevant for large organisations. Little effort has been devoted towards the development of SHRM in SMEs. For example, Saini and Budhwar (2008) in a study of SHRM practices in SMEs in India argue that bounded rationality tends to stiffen the willingness to implement innovative HR practices in SMEs in India because most owners of SMEs tend to believe t hat they are doing their utmost best. Barber et al (1999) observe that HRM practices that work well in large organisations do not work properly in small firms. As a result, Heneman and Tansky (2002) stresses the need to develop different HRM models for SMEs rather than only if extending existing models that are suitable for large organisations to SMEs. The literature on Human resource management in SMEs suggests that a strategic approach to HRM in SMEs is withal to be developed. Conceptual models that relate human resource management practices in SMEs to the strategic capabilities of these organisations need to be developed in order to enable SMEs achieve the full benefits of their human resources. As can be observed, most of the studies of HRM practices in SMEs have been limited to SMEs in Western Europe, U.S.A and India with very limited attention prone to Africa in general and Nigeria in particular. In the light of the above limitations, this study aims at contributing to the l iterature by studying the SHRM practices of SMEs in Nigeria. The study does not intend to test any hypothesis. Rather it intends to focus on providing an in-depth analysis and discussion of the HRM practices of a Nigerian SME.Research Methods and DataResearch Methods are the approaches interpreted to achieve the objectives of a research project (Saunders et al., 2009). There are two main approaches to research including the inductive and deductive approaches. The inductive approach is an approach that aims at developing testable hypotheses while the deductive approach focuses on testing existing hypotheses. The inductive approach can use a single case study to multiple case studies while the deductive approach depends on the use of multiple cases. Moreover, the inductive approach can use either qualitative or quantitative methods whereas the deductive approach relies heavily on the use of large data sets and quantitative research methods.The inductive approach is advantageous over t he deductive approach in that it does not generalise its results to all cases. It aims at providing an in-depth analysis of a small number of cases. Therefore, it is the approach that will be used in this study.In other to achieve the objective of this study, this paper will use a case study approach. In order to do this, a Nigerian-based SME will be selected. An in-depth analysis of its SHRM practices will be examined and related to its performance. In order to gain detailed understanding of the approaches, the Interpretative phenomenological Analysis (IPA) will be used to gain an in-depth analysis of the HRM practices of the SME. The Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is an experimental qualitative approach to research in psychology and the human, health and social sciences (Smith et al., 2009). The human resource practices that will be investigated include recruitment, selection, training, remuneration, leave of absence, interpersonal communication, sick pay, and pro motion. The practices of these variables will be analysed and an evaluation of how they affect the performance of the SME will be conducted. The performance measures that will be used include profitability, liquidity, management efficiency and leverage ratios. The ratios will be analysed in relation to the SHRM practices identified along with the Nigerian economic environment in which the SME is based.DataThe research will use both primary and secondary data. Data for the SHRM practices will mainly be primary data. This data will be collected using survey questionnaires issued to the employees of the SME and interviews conducted with key management staff. Performance data will be collected from the financial records of the SME. Data on the performance measures will be gathered from the financial records of the SME.ReferencesBoxall, P., & Purcell, J. (2000). Strategic human resource management Where have we come from and where should we be goingInternational journal of Management Rev iews, 2(2), 183?203.Boxall, P., & Purcell, J. (2008). Strategy and Human preference Management. Hampshire Palgrave MacMillan.Chang,W. J. A., & Huang, T. C. (2005). Relationship between strategic human resource management and firm performance A contingency perspective. International Journal of Manpower, 26(5), 434?449.Delery, J. E., & Doty, D. H. (1996). Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management Tests of universalistic, contingency. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 802?835.Huselid, M.A., S.E. Jackson, and R.S. Schuler. 1997. Technical and Strategic Human Resource Management Effectiveness as Determinants of Firm Performance, Academy of Management Journal 40(199), 171-188.Miles, R. E., & Snow, C. C. (1984). Designing strategic human resources systems. organizational Dynamics, 13(1), 36?52.Schuler, R.S. and S.A. Jackson. 1989. Determinants of Human Resource Management Priorities and Implications for Industrial Relations, Journal of Management 15(1) 89-99.Snell, S .A. 1992. Control Theory in Strategic Human Resource Management The Mediating Effect of Administrative Information, Academy of Management, Journal 35(2), 292-327.Schuler, R. S., & Jackson, S. E. (1987). Linking competitive strategies with human resource management practices. Academy of Management Executive, 1(3), 207?219.Pfeffer, J. (1998). Seven practices of winning organizations. California Management Review, 40(2), 96?124.Onugu, B. A. N. (2005) Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria Problems and Prospects, St. Clements UniversitySmith, J. A., Flowers, P., Larkin, M. (2009) Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Theory, Method and Research, Sage Publications.Heneman, R. L., & Tansky, J. W. (2002). Human resource management models for entrepreneurial fortune Existing knowledge and new directions. In J. Katz, & T. M. Welbourne (Eds.), Managing people in entrepreneurial organizations, vol. 5 (pp. 5582). Amsterdam JAI Press.Barber, A. E., Wesson, M. J., Roberson, Q. M., & Taylor, M. S. (1999). A tale of two job markets Organizational size and its effects on hiring practices and job search behavior. Personnel Psychology, 52, 841867.Saunders M, Lewis P and Thornhill A (2009) Research Methods for Business Studies, 5th edition, Prentice Hall FT HarlowSaini, D. S., Budhwar, P. S. (2008) Managing the human resource in Indian SMEs The role of indigenous realities, Journal of World Business, Volume 43, No. 4, Pages 417-434Takeuchi, N., Wakabayashi, M., & Chen, Z. (2003). The strategic HRM configuration for competitive advantage Evidence from Japanese firms in China and Taiwan, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 20(4), 447?480.

Global cities show a particularly high degree of social polarization Essay

Social polarization is a relatively new urban phenomenon that identifies the existence of a widening gap among the rich and poor within a social group or entity. This gap has developed in countrys societies as a consequent of income equalities, real estate fluctuations and economic displacement (Moulaert 2003). The effects can be damaging to society and can include a loss of resources, investment and vernal masses to the shopping mall (Bradford and Kent 1995). I aim to discuss and explain social polarization in terms of the causes and effects on society, as well as the main catalysts of polarization.Many geographers believe that globalization is a process that has enabled nation-states, TNCs, as well as individuals, to extend their reach across the globe (Daniels et al 2008). globalisation has meant that national economies have reach integrated into the international economy (Croucher 2004) as a result of trade, capital flows, foreign direct investment, migration and the sprea d of technology lead-in to the growth of many sectors, especially the financial sector, where information is easily accessible via a technologically strong communications network.Some are of the belief that globalisation leads directly to social polarization (Sassen 1991) The rapid growth in the financial sector has led to the formation of very well stipendiary positions within financial institutes dominated by managers, executives and stockbrokers. However, it has also created large numbers of low-paying jobs, often filled by women and the minorities in unskilled positions. As a result of this, income inequality is putting green in global cities with salaries ranging greatly. The United Nations quoted that between 1960 and 1990 country contrastingials between the wealthiest and poorest 20% increased from 30 to more than 60 (UNDP 1993)(Thrift et al 2002).This can lead to a number of problems, with the lower paid workers easily replaced by an abundant supply of workers moving t o the area from abroad, known as the urban immigrant population (Chao-Lin 2002). The replacement of low-income workers has become a problem in many global cities, for example in Beijing, the open door immigration policy as led to an influx of urban immigrants. Many social problems are caused as a result of this, such as stress at home and at work etc. This, in turn, widens the gap between the richer and poorer people in society thus increasing social polarization.The transnationals have, of course, greatly changed the economic environment. At the global scale their location of fruit in developing countries has contributed to what has been called a global shift (Bradford and Kent 1995). In the first half of the twentieth century the majority of manufacturing and production plants was concentrated in the hollow group Western Europe and North America.However, a global shift (Bradford and Kent 1995) did occur and by the 1980s a third of TNCs had moved to global production in Newly In dustrializing Countries (NICs) at the periphery. As these TNCs made more money and became financially stronger, there was a shift of power from the g all overnments to the transnationals. The TNCs have great control over almost sectors of the economy, as government revenue from taxes is recycled (through wages) back into the large corporations.TNCs can cause a variety of problems by locating in developing countries, the ingress of many transnationals activities in one area, often the core, may exacerbate inter-regional differences (Bradford and Kent 1995). Again, this will cause social polarization as different areas in a country, or town will show differences in amenities etc. due to a greater investment in infrastructure. However, this investment in the core regions is essential to service the large corporations.Investment will attract people, jobs and activity into the core regions, thus emphasizing the strength of the pull factors created by TNCs more well paid jobs are creat ed, better living conditions, more amenities etc. However, this is often at the expense of peripheral regions which lose resources, investment and young people to the core the so called backwash or polarization effects (Bradford and Kent 1995). Friedmanns Core Periphery Model is relevant here as over time people are drawn from the periphery areas into the core, (See picture 1).Transnationals can also cause problems if similar corporations locate in the same countries, thus leading to segmentation of markets (classifying markets into obvious subsets with the same needs). (Todd 1977). (Classifying markets into distinct subsets with the same needs). This can lead to social differences be accentuated, again relating back to differences in income inequality and quality of life at the core and periphery. Furthermore, particular cultures in countries have changed as a result of acquisition of material goods (Bradford and Kent 1995). This has lead to peoples position in society being de termined by possession or consumption of particular goods, causing anger and stress, which causes societies to began more polarized.To conclude in my opinion social polarization, can altogether have a negative effect on societies and countries as stress and anger is caused as a result of concentrations of investment in core areas, loss peripheral areas without amenities and jobs. As TNCs continue to increase in size the effects of polarization can only increase with the gap between different social groups increasing, as a result of income inequality and economic displacement. With increased control and power, soon TNCs will have even more control than some governments, and this can already be seen in some areas of the world with governments in India etc. being unable to stop sweatshop labour e.g. Nike in Bangladesh. Polarization shows gaps in society have begun to develop as local markets develop in global markets as a result of globalization and the growth of large corporations.R eferencesBradford, M. and Kent, A. 1993 intellectual Human Geography People and their Changing Environments, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Chao-Lin, G.U. 2001 Social Polarization and Segregation in Beijing, Beijing, Science Press, http//www.springerlink.com/content/h3w8112rj24l8468/fulltext.pdf, 29th NovemberJohnston, R.J., Taylor, P.J and Watts, M.J. 1995 The Reconfiguration of Late Twentieth-Century Capitalism. In Johnston, R.J., Taylor, P.J and Watts, M.J. (eds) Geographies of Global transfigure Remapping the World, Blackwell Publishers Ltd., United Kingdom, 19-29.Moulaert, F., Swyndedouw, E. and Rodriguez, A. 2003 The Globalized City Economic Restructuring and Social Polarization in European Cities, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Sassen, S. 2001 The Global City, Princeton University Press, USATodd, D. 1977 Polarization and the Regional Problem Manufacturing in Nova Scotia, The University of Manitoba Geography Department, Canada.Figure 1. Rodrigue, Dr. J. P. Department of Economics and Geography, 1998Bradshaw, M., Daniels, P., Shaw, D. and Sidway, J. 2008 An Introduction to Human Geography, Pearson Education Limited, England.

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas The movie, The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, was a very interesting but sad movie. It made me imagine ab turn out how children in truth dont see a lot of things and how they atomic number 18 very innocent. The way the Jews were being treated made me unfeignedly upset at how things were really running like that in Germ any(prenominal) without party countries non noticing, especially the United States, until years later when they had gone to struggle.But by then, many people had died, or became survivors without any family, homes or any of their elongings at all. It was ridiculous in the way they got away with a lot of things. Their stimulate people in the country thought that it wasnt however bad and they saw the Jews as the enemies. Brunos father who was in charge of the absorption camp down though he was doing the right thing, but until his own son died, he was in complete shock. He didnt know what to do anymore. He was righteous standing th ither and couldnt believe it.I think he realized what he was doing and how things drastically changed for his amily and him, especially in how many children and Jews he had been killing in the camp. I really liked how there was friendship in the movie though. Shmuel and Bruno had met, and Bruno would go view him and talk to him and try to play with him sometimes. But Shmuel couldnt play, because he was very unhealthy and dehydrated, he could b bely run. It would break my heart when Bruno would try to bring him food, but he would drop it along the way.I really liked the acting in the ovie it made everything look so real, even the setting was nice. I really dont know how or what they did to make the prisoners in the movie seem so skinny as if they hadnt ate in months. Pavel who was the butler in the house, would Just peel potatoes all day, it was really horrid when he got beat up for dropping the glass of wine on the dinner table. Many people had to give up their dreams and school Ju st like Pavel did. Its hard to imagine if that would fill happened to me and my family.I wonder what appened to all the people who were involved in this, if they all died or if went to Jail, did they survive? This film overly showed me that you shouldnt fork any types of people from the rest. It is really sad, because to this day, thats how a lot of people still are and thats the way they think. This is actually one of my favorite movies because it has so many various concepts and it makes you think or so many things. Especially to see how far, into friendship you would go. By Jsierra9The Boy in the Striped PajamasThe Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, based on the novel of the same title, directed by Mark Herman, set in Germany during World War II in the early 1940s. It follows the story of Bruno, an eight-year-old boy life story in Berlin, currently under the rule of Adolf Hitler. His father is a commandant at a concentration camp. When his family moves to Auschwitz (or as Bruno be lieves it to be pronounced Out-With) near the concentration camp for his fathers work, Bruno finds himself confined to the front yard of his new home and longs for a friend and an adventure.After finding a way out of the property, he discovers a concentration camp, although at this stage he believes it to be a farm rather than a prison. Bruno quickly develops a friendship with Schmuel, a Jewish boy living in the concentration camp who is the same age as him. Bruno makes several visits to the camp, despite being told by his parents that he is not to venture outside the back gate. Schmuel tells Bruno that his father is missing, while Bruno is informed that he and his sister will go to live with his Aunt. Instead of leaving his home in the country to go back to Berlin, Bruno decides to help Schmuel find his father.He dons striped pyjamas and crosses the fence, with horrific consequences. A character I disliked in the movie was Brunos father, Ralf. Ralf is a stereotypical German Nazi co mmandant in charge of the nearby Auschwitz concentration camp. He is very much in support of Adolf Hitler, accept that the Jewish are bad people. He tries to convince his family that he is making the man a better place. Brunos sister, Gretel, supports her fathers views on the matter, and explains to Bruno about the Jewish. But Dad just sat there What did you expect him to do? The Jew deserved it Can I ask you something about the farm? Bruno, you dont think it is a farm, do you? Its a camp, whats called a work camp, for Jews. Just Jews, because they are the take up workers? Theyre not in because they are good, silly, they arent good at anything. They are in there because they are evil. They are the enemy, evil dangerous vermin. Theyre the reason why we lost the great(p) War. Ralf also imposes a fake perception of the concentration camp on his soldiers. He shows them a video that portrays the fact that the camp is a nice place to live and that the Jewish enjoy it there. New a rrivals here are happy to discover that life in the camp is not all work and that theres ample opportunity for leisure also. At the end of their day of ironmongery or the build of boot factory, the workers can enjoy the many forms of pastime that the camp has to offer. Organised sport is very popular. Those that dont play surely enjoy watching. At the end of the working day the centrally located coffee bar is the ideal place for friends and families to join together for a hearty and nutritious meal. The children in particular enjoy the pastries and cakes on offer.In the evenings the occasional music concerts every by visiting orchestras or, indeed, by talented musicians from within the camp itself, are always well attended. Other recreations include reading in the library, pottery, cookery, art and horticulture for grown and child alike. Almost any activity one could wish for is available within the camp. This description is in stark contrast to what the camp really is like. I f ind Brunos father a dire person for not telling the truth about the camp. Even his wife doesnt know what goes on in the camp, and when she finds out, Ralf tells her that he was sworn to secrecy.I think we are lucky that we live in a time when fathers arent necessarily bound to their conjecture in such a way that it almost destroys a family. Brunos father was brainwashed into believing that the Jewish were bad people and did not deserve to live, as was Brunos sister, Gretel. I am glad that in this century we are not so easily led into believing such things. What Ralf did was horrible but in a way he was trying to protect his family if he had disobeyed Hitlers orders, he may have ended up in a camp himself or even dead but in this case his efforts to protect Bruno did not turn out so well.I also think we are lucky that we live in a country where we have enough freedom to disagree with our leaders and have an option to vote them out if necessary. In World War II, if you had a diff erent opinion to Hitler, you were either sentenced to death or put in a concentration camp. Ralf did what was best for his family, but in doing so did some horrific things to other people. I felt extremely sorry for the main protagonist, Bruno, and enjoyed the theme of innocence. Bruno was very young, naive and barely knew anything about the war.I think his parents and tutor should have informed him better about what was going on outside of his front yard, as he certainly didnt deserve to die in a concentration camp. If he had known more about the outside world, perhaps he wouldnt have felt so obliged to explore further and in doing so enter the camp. His innocence is portrayed in this instance, when he is talking to Schmuel through the fence. Bruno Is everything all right? Schmuel No, we cant find the Pa. He went on a different work duty with some of the men and they havent do back. I have got some bad news, too. Im going away. How long this time? Thats what its bad. Its fore ver I think. Mum says this is no place for children. Its just stupid. When do you go? Tomorrow, after lunch. So I wont ever see you again? Yes, you will. You can come on holiday to Berlin if you like, when everybody is getting on with each other again I wish I could have helped you find your dad. I really essential to make up for letting you down like I did. That would have done it, wouldnt it? Helping find your dad.Would have been great, like a closed book mission. Hey, I could dig under the fence Bruno then proceeded to dig under the fence and dress in striped pyjamas to help find Schmuels Dad. He and Schmuel are marched into a gas chamber, where they both die. I also felt sorry for Bruno when he was having lessons with his tutor, Herr Liszt, as he was being taught very difficult things about the war and how Hitler is a good person. For example I dont understand a nations collapse is only done to this one man? The Jew here means the entire Jewish race.If it had been just o ne man, Im sure something would have been done about him. There is such a thing as a nice Jew, though, isnt there? I think, Bruno, if you ever found a nice Jew, you would be the best explorer in the world. Again, this shows how lucky we are to live in a country where there is no war going on. If we were taught such things in school nowadays, we would have a very different perception of the world. We are not taught biased facts about historical nor current day events, and we are lucky that we are allowed to develop our own opinions without being sentenced to death.I think a childs innocence is extremely important to hold on to in most instances because it prevents them from many dangers that the world poses, however in this case is was the difference between life and death for Bruno. If his parents had told him why he was not allowed to go to the concentration camp, he would have been assured of the dangers and perhaps not have persisted on visiting Schmuel, but his curiosity and lack of reason from his parents eventually led him to his death.

Managing oganisational relationships Essay

IntroductionNo Organisation can hope to give up with the fast pace of change of the world today without enthusiastically embracing change within itself.www.thecommonwealth.org 2005The above statement is very powerful, but star I strongly agree with, because changes are victorious place everyday and if managers assumet respond to these changes past the business is most likely to suffer.Managers may engage little ability to prevent change, but awareness that change is coming can make it easier to deal with. If an arrangement is prepared to handle an event, hence legion(predicate) problems can be prevented or solved without difficulty.Management versus LeadershipThere is a continuing controversy about the differences between prudence and leadership. I think its obvious that a person can be a leader without being a manager and vice-versa.According to the management theorist Mary FollettManagement is the art of getting things done through passelM.Follett 1989However, the ide a that a Manager only manages people I think is over-simplified. This is because managers remove many responsibilities. I bring in outlined below the role of a manger Decision Maker Are held responsible for results Have conflicting goals to touch Need to Plan and Budget Work with and through people organise staff.Whereas, leadership isthe ability of an individual to influence, motivate and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and emolument of the organisation.House et al., 1999From the above statement I can gather that the role of a leader is to mainly to Communicate Motivate and, Encourage employeesLeadership is a managerial activity where employees work together towards achieving company goals.The difference between managers and leadership is that managers are elected to supervise the work of other people in the organisation and carry out formal duties. While, leaders influence the behaviour or actions of others. Managers value stability, order and efficienc y. Meanwhile, leaders value flexibility, innovation and adaptation.Managers are concerned more than about how things get done and try to get people to perform better. Whereas, leaders are concerned with what things mean to people and try to get people to agree about the most important things to be done.As you can see there are many differences between management and leadership. I consider leaders are more effective than managers, as they influence workers to pass company targets and their leadership set about is usually very effective.At Morrisons the leadership flare is very effective as the leader has many good characteristics. I spend a penny outlined these below* Good communication skills* Is decisive* Good at delegationThese characteristics help employees feel more treasured as they know what is going on in the company and so try harder for the company to achieve targets.There are many approaches leaders can emphasise on Trait approach doings approach Power-Influence a pproach Situational approach Integrative approachThere are strengths and weaknesses to each of these approaches and the approach used highly depends on the nature of the organisation and the situation they are in.I would say that at Laurens streak factory, the managers implements a behavioural approach. They are very authoritarian where they focus on power, decision making and hold authority with the leader.The management style they hold is labor movement Management. This is when they* Focus on production* Expect schedules to be met* Problems arise from other peoples mistakesI dont believe, that this approach is very effective because employers dont involve employees in decision-making and dont provide opportunity for training and development. I think this would make staff feel less valued and not part of a team so, will not motivate them to perform better to achieve targets.Performance Managementperformance management includes activities to match that goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient manner.www.managementhelp.org 2005Performance management can focus on performance of an organisation, a department, processes to build a product or service, employees etc.Performance management reminds us that training, strong commitment and working hard alone are not results. The major parcel of performance management is its focus on achieving results.Performance management redirects our efforts away from business and gets managers to think towards effectiveness.Recently, organisations draw been faced with challenges of change magnitude competition from businesses across the world. This actor that all businesses must choose effective strategies to remain competitive. Employees must commit to these to ensure strategies are implemented effectively.This situation has put more focus on effectiveness, to achieve results. All of the results across the organisation must continue to be aligned to achieve the overall result for the organisation to survive and thrive. It is only then that organisations can really tell if they are performing. elaboration of an OrganisationEvery organisation has its own unique subtlety, based on values of the top management who direct the organisation. However, over time individuals attempt to change the floriculture of their organisations to fit their own preferences or changing marketplace conditions. This culture then influences the decision-making processes and effects styles of management.Mullins defines the culture of an organisation asa collection of traditions, values, policies, beliefs and attitudes that constitute a pervasive context for everything we do and think in an organisation.Mullins 2002A key role for culture is to differentiate the organisation from others and provide sense of identity for its members.At Accordia the culture is very democratic as the manager delegates responsibilities on others. It is as well creative and sophisticated because they are always open to ne w ideas. They build their culture around bore based upon commitment to the company as a whole.Cross CultureAs a business becomes more global the need to understand heathen differences is critical to success.M. BERGER 1996Berger highlights the importance of cultures. I think it is essential to understand the basic principle of good cross-cultural relationships, because when people do things differently, they are not necessarily wrong they just dont follow this in their culture.I have drawn out a table below giving an example of how UK and France have different styles of conducting clashingsUKFrancePurpose of meetings is to agree actions and make decisionsAcceptable to astray from agendum in discussionsStick to agenda, deviate only if new priorities emergePurpose of meetings is to give input to decisions, not necessarily to make decisionsTime conscious dresst challenge the Big BossDefined follow-up actions are generally agreedThe key decision-maker may not be at meetingPeople a re expected to attend on time and stay through out the entire meetingNot time-conscious people come and go during meetings, there can be side discussions.Figure 1M. Berger 1996As you can see there are many cultural differences. The UK and France have totally opposite managing styles. From look upon and understanding people can find ways to work together based on mutual strengths.I think cultural values affect attitudes and behaviours around the world and we need to examine how one can adapt their skills to the cultural approach in which they find themselves in.Flexible workingsFlexible working is the term used to describe the ability to employ people when and where ask in the interests of everybody.R. Pettinger 2002There has been a huge movement towards elastic working over the years and Neatly & Hurstfield found thatEmployers were making increasing demands on all employees to become more flexible, both in working hours and in functional flexibility.Hurstfield 1995Flexible w orking involves the creation of work patterns and arrangements which are based on the need to maximise organisational output, customer and client satisfaction and staff expertise and effectiveness.I found out that there are many approaches to flexible workforce Atkinson was one of them, where he produced the flexible firm model in 1984. plot flexible firmI believe that this model has more relevance today because when we look at the retail sectors every employee is flexible.For example At Woolworths they have their core managers who work contracted hours. And then all the other employees are part time workers with high flexibility hours. I think they take advantage of the functional flexibility, where they recruit more staff and create short-term contracts when sales are likely to be high, eg) Christmas. This maximises flexibility as they are getting workers in only when needed.I think the flexible firm model shows that the environment is more competitive and the need for co st effectiveness is important. I think Atkinson was soundly ahead of his time and predicted accurately. I consider the greatest emphasis was based on the flexibility in part time working as many retailers implement this model.Psychological ContractThe term Psychological contract isthe perceptions of the two parties, employee and employer, of what their mutual obligations are towards each other.www.adelphi-associates.co.ukIt is the psychological contract that effectively tells employees what they are required to do in order to meet their side of the agreement, and what they can expect from their job. There has been conflict in employees not commiting to their contract, but collectable to the changes occuring recently, employees have been persuaded to taking the contract more seriously.I have listed the changes below The nature of jobs more employees are on part time and temporary contracts, so, functional flexibility is more popular Organisations have downsized and delayered so individual employees are carrying out more tasks. Markets, technology and products are constantly changing customers are becoming more demanding. So, quality and service standards need to be of high standards Traditional organisational structures are becoming more inflexible so, new methods of managing are required.The effect of these changes is that the ability of the business to minimal brain dysfunction value, rests on employees, where they are seen as the key business drivers. Organisations that wish to succeed have to get the most out of their resources. In order to do this, employers have to know what employees expect from their work. This is where the psychological contract is used as a framework for monitoring employee attitudes.Since 1990s employees have low job security due to the impact of globalisation. This has completely changed the traditional contracts where there is no job for life. The new contract mainly focusses on fair pay and treatment and also opportuni ties for training and development notion of continuous learning. On this analysis, employers can no longer offer job security and this has underminded the basis of employee commitment.ConclusionTo conclude, I have found out that change within an organisation is inevitable and managers need to respond to these changes for their business to remain successful.The trend towards globalisation is accelerating as outside(prenominal) competition intensifies. This leads to a change in managerial responsibilities where managers must be able to understand and communicate with people from different cultures.Cultural diversity is increasing within the workforce where managers require the understanding of values, beliefs and attitudes of people from different cultures. I believe it is necessary for managers to have the understanding of building mutual relationships and have respect for diversity so they can work together without difficulties.Flexible working has also become very popular, wh ere employers are constantly seeking flexible staff. This is so they can fully utilise their resources effectively. Organisations are familiar with the notion of high-quality staff willing to work when required. This is due to the fact that the staff, expertise and resources have to be engaged when customers and clients demand.The psychological contract enables employers to look at the welfare of employees. eg) what employees want fair pay, continuous learning, opportunity for training and development etc.Overall, I have found out that the nature of organisations are changing with the times and both employees and employers are benefiting from these particular changes. Also, these changes have a huge impact on managerial theories today.ReferencesBooksSTREDWICK. J. (2005). An Introduction to Human Resource Management. Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann Oxford.PETTINGER. R. (2002). Managing the Flexible Workforce. Capstone Publishing Oxford.BERGER. M. (1996). Cross-Cultural Team Buildi ng, McGraw-Hill London.BJERKE. B. (2001). Business Leadership and Culture. Edward Elgar Cheltenham.MARTIN. G, KEATING. M. (2004). Managing Cross-Cultural Business Relations. Blackwell London.MILES. R. (1975). Theories of Management Implications for Organisation Behaviour and Development. McGraw-Hill Oxford.WATERS. M. (1995).Globalization. Routledge London.STREDWICK. J, ELLIS. S. (1998). Flexible Working Practices. Institue of Personnel Development Wiltshire.YULK. G. (2002). Leadership In Organisations. Prentice Hall New Jersey.ATCHINSON. T. (1978). Management Today. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich New Harcourt Brace Jovanovich New York. sack Sites(2005). Culture of Organisations. online. Available at URLhttp//www.cardiff.ac.uk/learn/business/aim/culture Accessed on 20/1/2006.(2003). Employee Peformance Management. online. Available at URLhttp//www.managementhelp.org Accessed on 20/1/2006.(2005). Psychological Contract. online. Available at URLhttp//www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/empreltns/psycnt rct/ Accessed on 21/1/2006.(2005). Academic leadership Online Journal. online. Available at URLhttp//www.academicleadership.org/ Accessed on 27/1/2006.

Life and Margaret Atwood Essay

This quotation was concordn from Margaret Atwoods story, Homelanding. This story recounts many a(prenominal) aspects of human existence from an outside(a) view, as if it was being told to an disaffectate travel. This story tells about human appearance, sex (both difference and the act of), sunbathing, sleeping, death, and many other human functions in a scientific way. This story takes a step away from the ruler way of describing these objects. For example, Margaret Atwood talks about eating and describes it by saying I destroy and assimilate definite parts of my surroundings and change them into myself. Most people who have had human contact their whole bearing consider eating putting food in their mouths, chewing, and sw tout ensembleowing. This quotation at the beginning of the story shows that the generator knows that she is writing this for a human audience. She starts this off with the line, Where should I begin? This is more of a conversational zeal that draws the subscriber into this as if she was talking directly to the evinceer.The human reader is supposed to take the role of the alien race. The reader has to take a duality of being both a human and from an alien race who has no knowledge of anything human. The next line restates this with, After all you have never been there or if you have you may not have understood the significance of what you say or thought you saw. An alien race would never have been to earth, yet the human reader has spent his whole life on earth if never stopping to think of the significance of what he is seeing. The next line is A window is a window, but there is looking out and looking in. This can be seen in all the number of times that someone sees something in someone else that the person does not see in himself. For example, oftentimes a teacher is responsible for helping a student develop a talent that was there but the student did not know that he had it.This story is attempting to do the same and show t he reader characteristics that mankind has but do not know it has. In the next line, this is reiterated with the statement, The native you glimpsed, disappearing privy the curtain, or into the bushes, or down the manhole in the mainstreetmy people are shymay have sole(prenominal) been your own reflection in the glass. This shows the reader is the reflection in the glass and is seeing a portraiture of himself in the story. Storytelling is often used to teach a lesson to the reader or listener. One of the most read examples of this is the Bible. Jesus often spoke in parables to help teach lessons to his listeners. This story attempts to make us take a step away fromourselves and see ourselves in a different light so we could maybe understand ourselves better.