Endoscopy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Endoscopy - Essay Example Recent studies have come up with various technologies in the endoscopic world. Here is the summery of few. Self propelled endoscopy- It is a wireless technology wherein a small capsule is swallowed or inserted through anus. This capsule is less than half an inch in diameter and 2inches in length. This capsule swims into digestive tract so has been nicknamed as ‘Mermaid’. Capsule movements are controlled by remote. It works on magnetic propulsion mechanism. It can be directed wherever it is needed by its gear system. It has extensive battery life for better performance. Infrared based endoscopy- This endoscope is equipped with an infra red laser and a tiny mirror this is capable of taking pictures up to 2 mm beneath the tissue surface. Unlike conventional endoscopes which focus only on the surface area, this latest endoscopy technique will take you deep down to detect very early stages of cancer and will also be helpful during the cancer surgery as this will demonstrate the extent of the cancer tissue. High definition endoscopes- These high definition endoscopes with the help of wide screen sensor offer great imaging of the tissues. It also provides the physician better clarity and visibility during surgical procedures

The lumber-room Essay Example for Free

The lumber-room Essay She starts of in the story looking at the world in a nice light and talking about fantasy creatures, also how nice her life will be when she grows up, gets a job has kids and a beautiful loving husband the usual 13 15 year old female dream. Then she meets Kerry Stevenson and decides from things other people have said that he is not a very nice person. Then she meets Mrs Rutter and decides she is a innocent sweet old lady, she is in fact not very nice and leaves a German pilot in the woods for two days to die a slow pain full death. The story follows a stereotypical approach to looking at old and young people, these stereotypes soon change as you find more about the characters, as the story goes on Mrs Rutter describes how she left a pilot to die as an act of revenge and Kerry turns out to be quite humane and kind lad. At the end of this story, she is walking home and decides that everything is not as it seems and that not every one is stereotypical. I prefer the lumber-room because of its happier out look on life a carefree childish approach to life, also the way Nicolas out smarts his aunt is amusing and made me laugh. The book formed strong pictures in my mind and was enjoyable and easy to read I believe that the darkness out there uses to much symbolism to convey its point, also the lumber-room is much easier to read less description, more action and lets get down to the facts. In the lumber room the only really long descriptive part, is the part where the hunts man is hunting the stag and is himself being followed by some wolves he doesnt take this at face value and makes the story behind the tapestry much more complex than it actually is. I feel he can identify with the hunts man, as he has also hunted his aunty in his own childish way. I think this is an excellent piece of descriptive writing and describes a young Childs imagination very well, he looks at the tapestry and sees past the plane facts and even comes back to comment on it later saying that he thinks the wolves will eat the stag while the hunts man runs from the wolves. In addition the plot is nowhere as near sinister or riveting, as the darkness out there. This story uses lots of light, dark contrasts to show that things are either a bad or good memories, when she walks down by packers end theres a shadow that falls on her and it gets colder, using metaphors to describe her feelings as a physical feeling rather than a emotional one. The darkness and light story left me feeling sad miserable proving grown ups to be fallible and weak, where as the lumbar room story made me feel alive, excited and amused wanting to read more of his antics.

Business Monopolies :: essays research papers

Business Monopolies This world is made up of many businesses and businessman. Some have prospered and some have lost everything. The term â€Å"monopoly† was the cause for the rise and fall. Very select few have managed to dominate a product or company to form a monopoly. Unfortunately, the government prohibits these types of businesses, yet people still continue to strive to achieve such stature. Two of the truest powerhouses of the past 300 years in the business world would most definitely be William Henry Gates 3rd and John Davison Rockefeller. Both of these business geniuses have unique stories about their rise to the top. They also share there experiences on how quickly they can fall and lose everything. William Gates was born on October 28, 1955. His family had a history of being great in business and politics. His father was a prominent lawyer and his grandfather a president of a bank. Bill was a naturally gifted child who excelled in every course. His parents decided to send him to a private school, which had an enormous effect on him. It was here where he was introduced to the computers. While attending this private school, he met Paul Allen. Allen, Gates, and a few other kids, started using computers to write programs but decided that they needed some way to practically use the machine in the real world. They got their first chance when Paul happened to see a magazine with a picture of a personal computer. He told Gates, who at the time was attending at Harvard. They both decided to call the company and tell them that they had written an operating system for the computer. This, however, was a lie because they did not even own one of these machines. They had one chance to test the program and it worked perfectly. Gates then dropped out of Harvard and he and Allen started a new company called Microsoft. In 1980, the two were approached about programming a program for a personal PC. This was the start of Ms-Dos. In 1987, he started pushing CD-ROMs, which turned out to be a good idea. The 1990s were crazy years for Microsoft. The company became a big time player and got bigger and bigger. As Microsoft became a larger and more powerful company, they became able to use Predatory pricing to their advantage. That meant that they were able to cut their price so low no one could compete.

market trends :: essays research papers

GDP and Market Trends   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The current prospects of the gross domestic product are encouraging. GDP is on the rise at a staggering rate. As stated by the commerce department â€Å"economic growth surged in the first quarter at its fastest pace in more then two years.† GDP has been on a comeback with a vengeance, coming in at a 5.8 annual percent a full point higher then expected economic analyst are enthusiastic of the rest of the year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corporate America is also enjoying the boost in the economy with 86% of the S&P 500 companies coming in even or above wall streets forecast for the first quarter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although economic growth is surging it is not expected to keep at its current pace. In one strategist’s opinion (Ned Riley) â€Å" In the short term the market should flourish, then very sluggish economic progress.† Regardless of the speed of the expansion, it is all but inevitable throughout 2002. With this rapid expansion comes the chance of a double dip, sliding back into a recession, but according to James Cooper and Kathleen Madigan, writers for Business Week, write â€Å"that there is no danger of a second recession.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With GDP on the rise, the surging economic activity, the FED lowering interest rates, and charts of the business and economic cycles I believe that we are on the upside of the recession and coming out strong. With the factors that are in place the market markets rise should slow but it will continue. Economic Factors, Indicators and Forcast   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interest rates have been dropped to historically low levels to help bring the economy out of recession, and is having a great impact on the economy as a whole. With lowered in interest more people will be taking out loans and spending money they would not have with the previous interest rates. This puts a boost in the economy by putting in extra money, which people will then spend on goods and services with becomes income for others which then leads to more demand for products, then more manufacturing, and eventually the whole economy is lifted from lower interest rates†¦ or at least this is the plan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of these indicators say to me that the economy is coming out of the recession with strong force, and it may not continue its current speed of expansion but I believe that unless there is an extreme event the economy should continue to recover and grow at a normal rate.

Emotion language term paper Essay

The differences between happiness, joy and gladness1.IntroductionThe concept of happiness can be characterized by three separate prototypes, which all refer to happiness but each approaches the concept of happiness from a slightly different meaning. The differences reveal mainly in the intensity of the emotion. Therefore it is very interesting how these differences appear in the English language. It is important to see these differences because our society is based on happiness and to reach the main goal of ones life it is good to understand the differences in the conceptualizations of happiness. 2.The three prototypesThe source domain of the three prototypes are taken from the class notes of Emotion Language, from the study of Zoltà ¡n Kà ¶vecses: Emotion concepts: from happiness to guiltA cognitive semantic perspective and definitions form answers.com. The first prototype is called joy which according to answers.com is an intense and especially ecstatic or exultant happiness and the expression or manifestation of such feeling. In other words, joy covers an immediate response of happiness. This means that this word is used to represent a sudden feeling that is self-enabling and comes from within . The next type is called the existential happiness which is a major value in life that people want to reach. This is a general feeling about being happy, therefore it is expressed by the word happiness. In Answers.com this word is described as an agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended with enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness. The last type of happiness is gladness, which is the less intense out of the three types. According to answers.com the word glad is experiencing or exhibiting joy and pleasure. This feeling can be explained in other words like gratifying, pleasurable, very willing, bright and cheerful. 3.The major differences in meaningAccording to the Internet joy and happiness are more commonly occur in the same context than joy and glad or happiness and glad so there are a number of studies and articles about happiness versus joy. The reason for this on the one part is that they have a close relation in meaning so it is not as univocal therefore many people does not recognize the differences or has improper thoughts about it. On the other part glad seems to be clearly terminated in meaning in the usage of the English language. Accordingly, there are many conceptualizations about the differences between joy and happiness on the Internet. On the one hand, in a forum about happiness, the opinion of a person named Suviko was: joy is something you feel shortly, temporary moment, a passing good feeling. Happiness is having that for longer period of time and it is more general, not as much targeted feeling . This explanation perfectly reflects the differences between joy and the existential happiness according to the study of Kà ¶vecses. But as it appears in some articles on the internet, this is not the only realization that is considered as the concept of happiness and joy. On the other hand, there is an essay about happiness versus joy which claims that happiness is fleeting and it comes from the fulfillment of ones desires, therefore happiness is dependent upon something while joy can be continuous and it comes from within . The main difference between the two conceptualization is the quantity of the feeling. In the first statement the duration of the feeling of joy takes less time than happiness while in the second statement joy lasts for longer. This proves that there are some differences in the conceptualization of the first two prototypes of happiness. Besides the differences the main idea about the intensity of the two prototypes reflects everywhere that happiness is more intense. In his study Vic Lebouthillier writes that happiness comes from circumstances like buying a new car or passing an exam while joy is rather appears as inner thankfulness for the constants of life such as nature, freedom, relationships with people, or through having faith in something larger than ourselves . It is also mentioned that happiness is an automatic reaction of people for the happenings of the outside world. In contrast, joy does not  come automatically, it is a learned reaction that people have to practice to live a complete emotional life. This points to the fact that the main point in most of the articles on the internet is based on this idea: It is important to understand that joy is an emotion that arises from within us and is not affected by the things that happen to us. Instead of looking for external things to provide happiness in our lives, we must strive to find the joy within. We must educate ourselves about joy and work to enhance it in our lives.Gladness is the less intense emotional feeling from the three prototypes of happiness. In The Free Dictionary webpage it is pointed out that Glad often refers to the feeling that results from the gratification of a wish or from satisfaction with immediate circumstances: â€Å"Some folks rail against other folks, because other folks have what some folks would be glad of† Henry Fielding . In another conceptualization gladness is rarely or never equivalent to mirth, merriment, gayety, and triumph, and it usually expresses less than delight . According to these statements, it can be asserted that gladness is not only the less intense but it also lasts for the less period of time. Another proof for this can be found in an essay of Margaret Paul where she discusses the differences between happiness and pleasure, and where pleasure is a synonym for gladness. She points out that pleasurable experiences can give us momentary feelings of happiness, but this happiness does not last long because it is dependent upon external events and experiences . 4.Differences in language usageThe English language is rich in the metaphors and metonymies about the three prototypes of happiness. The source domain of this section is from Zoltan Kà ¶vecses: Emotion concepts: from happiness to guilt A cognitive semantic perspective. Happiness (existential happiness)Most of the happiness metaphors found on the internet come from quotations, poems and a lower percent can be found in non literary texts. Using the mappings of Kà ¶vecses I listed some of the metaphors that I found with the help of Google:1. Happiness is a fluid in a  container: â€Å"Happiness is a positive cash flow.† – Fred Adler2. Happiness is warm: Happiness is a warm gun – The Beatles3. Happiness is insanity: Sanity and happiness are an impossible combination. – Mark Twain4. Happiness is light: Happiness is a Swedish sunset – it is there for all, but most of us look the other way and lose it. – Mark Twain5. Happiness is up: trying to bump up our happiness – Steven Winn6. Happiness is an animal: Happiness is a butterfly, which when pursued, is always just beyond your grasp, but which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you Nathanial Hawthorne7. Happiness is a rapture: We pretended we could get drunk on root beer, and sometimes on those July nights, I think we were. Drunk with happiness. – Lisa LibowitzJoyInterestingly I could find a larger number of metaphors or metonymies on the internet than about joy in non literary articles rater than literary texts. Therefore, in contrast to happiness, it was harder to find metaphors that could belong to the list of Zoltà ¡n Kà ¶vecses. 1.Joy is fluid in a container: then you will look and be radiant,your heart will throb and swell with joy The Holly Bible (Isaiah 60:5-11)a place of joy and peace so full that you need nothing else2.Joy is being off the ground: Now I know when your house gets destroyed you won’t be jumping for joy.3.Joy is warm: A blush of joy mantled on Lizzie’s face, and her heart swelled with happiness John Quine (The Captain of the Parish)4.Joy is vitality: As I watch my grandmother tickle and play with the kids, I see her eyes light up with joy. – Jennifer Mallett5.Joy is opponent in a struggle: When her sick friend saw her, she was overcome with joy.6. Joy is a natural force: Ill flood your soul with the joy of cleanliness and the joy of discipline, which will redound to your good forever.7.Joy is a rapture: Inner success: Freedom from the identification with the mind and movement towards the ecstasy of the Truth . This will lead us towards our inner joy8.Joy is up: He who kisses the joy as it flies. Lives in Eternitys sunrise. – William BlakeOne of the greatest joys known to man is to take a flight into ignorance in search of knowledge Robert Lynd9.Joy is light: The sun does not shine for a few trees and flowers, but for the wide world’s joy. Henry Ward BeecherGladnessIt was the hardest to find metaphors or metonymies on gladness. I found that the word glad is often used in religious terms on the internet but these were not expressed by metaphors or  metonymies rather it refers to the loving of God and it follows that it is expressed on a very simple way. 1.Gladness is light: Our brightest blazes of gladness are commonly kindled by unexpected sparks. – Samuel JohnsonLight up your face with gladness Judy Garland2.Gladness is fluid in a container: A kind heart is a fountain of gladness, making everything in its vicinity freshen into smiles. – Washington IrvingMay God fill your heart with gladness to cheer you. – Irish Blessing3.Gladness is being in haven: Nations and men are only the best when they are the gladdest, and deserve heaven when they enjoy it. – Jean Paul Friedrich Richter5.ConclusionSumming up the above, there are differences between the three conceptualizations of happiness in meaning and it also turned out that people are interested in these questions because it is important to understand these to live a happy life. We also saw that the linguistic usage of happiness and joy are very similar to each other they still have that slight difference in meaning. From this point of view gladness metaphors were less frequent and were not as similar to the other two. BIBLIOGRAPHY Zoltà ¡n Kà ¶vecses: Emotion concepts: from happiness to guilt A cognitive semantic perspectivewww.answers.comhttp://www.kjmaclean.com/HappinessvsJoy.htmlhttp://www.tfproject.org/tfp/archive/index.php/t-7099.htmlhttp://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/03/07/DDGLBOFSL11.DTLhttp://thinkexist.com/quotation/happiness_is_a_butterfly-which_when_pursued-is/169068.htmlhttp://www.tiny-lights.com/flash.html?id=20http://www.calvin.edu/admin/chapel/worship/chapel/Isaiah60/wealth.htmhttp://www.light-up-your-life.com/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/cp1897/chap104.htmhttp://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?gladnesshttp://www.entplaza.com/cgi-bin/create/quotes.pl?cat=Happinesshttp://www.entplaza.com/cgi-bin/create/quotes.pl?cat=Happinesshttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/gladnesshttp://www.caringtoday.com/node/296http://www.4to40.com/story/index.asp?id=480#tophttp://www.timesandseasons.org/index.php?p=2582http://www.meditationerfan.com/Happiness_vs.htmlhttp://www.dai lycelebrations.com/joy.htmhttp://www.dailycelebrations.com/joy.htmhttp://www.dailycelebrations.com/jo

Freedom Mean To Me Essay Example

Freedom Mean To Me Essay Example Freedom Mean To Me Essay Freedom Mean To Me Essay Freedom!!! Freedom!!! Freedom!!! What a great word to describe life, to describe the air that blows threw the great valley, to describe birds. All these are symbols of freedom. Why you may ask? Why life well because in life they give you the freedom to choose who and what you are going to become as a person. To choose is a form of freedom, because in the past you were not able to choose what you wanted unless you were of the white race. Also the air that blows threw the great valley because no matter how much you try to stop the wind from blowing its still going to blow. : This symbolizes freedom because although people are trying to stop you from doing what makes you happy or have the right to do, you have the right to pursue happiness. Another great example is birds. Have you ever seen a bird in the open? A flight off bird in my opinion symbolizes Freedom. Why you may ask? For many reasons they symbolize freedom because they are able to fly as high as they want to for as long as they want to through were ever they want to and the list goes on these are examples that came up to my mind as I was thinking of freedom from a general stand point. In the story, it was said indirectly that Mrs. Millard was not happy with her marriage. One can infer that through death Mrs. Millard was able to attain the freedom she desired because she no longer had to follow the rules of the nineteenth century society. It can be inferred that Mrs. Millard was an average housewife of the nineteenth century. She was a woman that wanted to have the independence that unfortunately women were not able to have in the sass. Women of the time were not allowed to go to school, not allowed to get a Job, and were expected to do coursework such as cooking and cleaning. In those times men had complete control over the money rending a woman from having the option of running away. It would have been senseless to run away since food and shelter were provided by the husband. The only way a woman would have been able to get out of a marriage was if their husband died or if they themselves pasted away. Death was the only way Mrs. Millard was able to acquire true freedom she craved. Death allowed her to be free from unfortunate life style women were forced to have at the time. She no longer had o wait on her husbands hands and feet like a nineteenth century woman was expected to do. She did not have to put up with by the rules of the nineteenth century society. Mrs. Millard became the woman she wanted to be, a true independent woman. In conclusion, freedom is a natural right that humans are born with. Nothing should threaten our freedom or deprive us from our right. In addition, our right of freedom must never harm any other human being directly or indirectly. We must respect freedom of everyone in todays society. This way we can enjoy our freedom through our life. Freedom Mean To Me By bedrooms

Sociology Alevel Aqa Essays

Sociology Alevel Aqa Essays Sociology Alevel Aqa Essay Sociology Alevel Aqa Essay Essay Topic: Amy Tan Short Stories Sociology AS at Knights Unit 1: Families and Households Unit 2: Education with Research Methods Revision pack Haberdashers’ Aske’s Federation Sixth Form Mrs Griffiths: [emailprotected] org. uk Mr Roaf: [emailprotected] org. uk 2012 Unit 1 exam: Thursday 17th May, am Unit 2 exam: Friday 25th May, pm Easter Revision: tbc AS Syllabus: AQA Sociology GCE (new specification) Unit 1: Families and Households (SCLY1) * Worth 40% of your AS and 20% of your final A Level * Written paper, 1 hour * 60 marks available Unit 2: Education with Research Methods (SCLY2) * Worth 60% of your AS and 30% of your final A Level * Written paper, 2 hours 90 marks available Timetable * Use your revision checklists to draw up a timetable for revision leading up to the exam. Make sure you cover everything, but make sure it is manageable – you can’t spend every minute working, so allow yourself some time off, both short breaks and occasional days or half days. * Try http://getrevising. co. uk/ Resources * Handouts and powerpoints from lessons are available on the shared drive and on the VLE. * Additional revision resources will be available to download from the VLE * Use the list of websites in this pack to help you identify other useful revision resourcesAQA SCLY1 Unit 1: Families and Households There are 3 sections – choose the CORRECT one, Families and Households (should be section B), and answer all the questions from that section. Time allowed: 1 hour Maximum marks: 60 Time per mark = max 1 min. Questions carrying 24 marks should be answered in continuous prose and you will be marked on your ability to use good English, to organise information clearly and to use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Possible Question outlines| Marks| Timing| 06| definition of key term, e. g. primary socialisation’| 2 marks| lt;2 mins| To get full marks for this question, you need to explain the term and give a supporting example. Possible questions: * Explain what is meant by ‘primary socialisation’ (Item 2A, line 7). (2 marks) (specimen paper) * Explain what is meant by the ‘expressive role’ (Item 2A, line 5). (2 marks) (January 2009) * Explain what is meant by ‘serial monogamy’ (Item 2A). (2 marks) (June 2010) * Explain what is meant by ‘net migration’ (Item 2A). (2 marks) (January 2011) * Explain what is meant by the ‘social construction’ of childhood (Item 2A). 2 marks) (June 2011) | 07| 2 examples of a particular idea or reasons for a change, e. g. two ways in which childhood has become ‘protected and privileged’| 4 marks| lt;4 mins| To get full marks you need to explain two things, supported by examples that highlight change or increase, if this is specified in the question. Possible questions: * Suggest two ways in which childhood has become . a specially protected and privileged time of life. (Item 2A, lines 4 . 5). (4 marks) (specimen paper) * Suggest two ways in which ‘family life may have a harmful effect on women’ (Item 2A, lines 6 – 7). 4 marks) (January 2009) * Explain the difference between a family and a household (Item 2A). (4 marks) (June 2009) * Suggest two reasons why lone-parent families are more likely to be headed by a female. (4 marks) (June 2009) * Suggest two reasons why women might delay having children (Item 2A). (4 marks) (January 2010) * Suggest two ways in which the position of children could be said to have improved over the last one hundred years. (4 marks) (January 2010) * Suggest two reasons why there has been an increase in cohabitation (Item 2A). 4 marks) (June 2010) * Suggest two reasons why people may migrate to the United Kingdom, apart from that referred to in Item 2A. (4 marks) (January 2011) * Suggest two ways, apart from those mentioned in Item 2A, in which government policies and/or laws may shape the experiences of children today. (4 marks) (June 2011)| 08| 3 reasons for s omething e. g. change in divorce rate| 6 marks| lt;6 mins| To get full marks you need to explain three things, supported by examples that highlight change or increase, if this is specified in the question.Possible questions: * Suggest three reasons for the increase in the divorce rate since 1969. (6 marks) (specimen paper) * Suggest three reasons for the decrease in the death rate since 1900. (6 marks) (January 2009) * Identify three ways in which childhood may not be a positive experience for some children. (6 marks) (June 2010) * Identify three ways in which greater ethnic diversity has contributed to family diversity (6 marks) (January 2011) * Identify three reasons why the birth rate has fallen since 1900. 6 marks) (June 2011)| Questions 06, 07 and 08 may be any combination of marks, adding up to a total of 12. | | | | | 09 | essay question| 24 marks| 4min plan20 min| To reach the higher level marks, you need to demonstrate accurate sociological knowledge and understanding, and apply it directly to the topic in the question. Support your answer with evidence and demonstrate how this answers the question. Possible questions: * Examine the ways in which social policies and laws may influence families and households. (24 marks) (specimen paper) * Examine the ways in which childhood can be said to be socially constructed. 24 marks) (January 2009) * Examine the reasons for changes in birth rates and family size since 1900. (24 marks) (June 2009) * Examine the ways in which government policies and laws may affect the nature and extent of family diversity. (24 marks) (January 2010) * Examine the reasons for, and the consequences of, the fall in the death rate since 1900. (24 marks) (June 2010) * Examine the reasons for changes in the patterns of marriage and cohabitation in the last 40 years or so. (24 marks) (January 2011) * Examine the reasons for changes in the divorce rate since 1969. 24 marks) (June 2011)| 10| essay question with reference to item| 24 marks| 4min plan20 min| To reach the higher level marks for this question, you have to successfully interpret material and apply it to answering the question, and explicitly refer to the item, make it clear how your discussion is answering the question. It is acceptable to repeat key language from the question and item when doing this, however, don’t simply make statements such as and this shows that the it no longer makes sense to talk about the patriarchal family. This is not good enough, you must explain how your discussion of relevant evidence answers the question.Refers to Item X, but on this occasion you are asked to use Item X in your answer, you must do this, to get the full marks. Possible 11 questions * Using material from Item 2B and elsewhere, assess the view that it no longer makes sense to talk about the patriarchal family. (Item 2B). (24 marks) (Specimen paper) * Using material from Item 2B and elsewhere, assess the view that the nuclear family is no longer the norm. (24 marks) (January 2009) * Using material from Item 2B and elsewhere, assess the view that gender roles and relationships have become more equal in modern family life. 24 marks) (June 2009) * Using material from Item 2B and elsewhere, assess the Marxist view that the main role of the family is to serve the interests of capitalism. (24 marks) (January 2010) * Using material from Item 2B and elsewhere, assess the view that, in today’s society, the family is losing its functions. (24 marks) (June 2010) * Using material from Item 2B and elsewhere, assess the view that the modern family has become more child-centred. (24 marks) (January 2011) * Using material from Item 2B and elsewhere, assess the contribution of feminist sociologists to an understanding of family roles and relationships. 24 marks) (June 2011)| | Revision Checklist Unit 1: Families and Households 1 Changing patterns of marriage, cohabitation, separation, divorce, child-bearing and the life-course, and the divers ity of contemporary family and household structures * Marriage: fall in number of marriages, later age of first marriage. * Cohabitation: growth of cohabitation, greater acceptability of cohabitation, types (e. g. trial marriage, long term partnership). * Separation and divorce: legal position, increase in divorce after 1969, reasons for divorce; remarriages and reconstituted families. Child-bearing: number of children, age at which women have first child, changes in parenting practices; lone parent families; beanpole families. * Life course: consideration of range of possibilities, including living alone (singletons), grandparents. 2 The relationship of the family to the social structure and social change, with particular reference to the economy and to state policies * Functionalist views: the importance of the nuclear family, the universality of the family, changing functions, how the nuclear family ‘fits’ modern society. Marxist views: the family as part of the ideo logical state apparatus, as an agent of social control. * Feminist views: patriarchy; liberal, radical and Marxist feminism. * Foucault: surveillance of family life, internalisation of norms. * The New Right: decline of the family, demonisation of single parents, fatherless families, uncontrollable children; Murray’s view of the underclass; need for a return to ‘traditional’ family values. * Some key government policies affecting families, with more detail on the most recent (post-1997). Post-1997 government policies assessed in relation to the theories. * Current policy positions of the main parties assessed in relation to the theories. 3 The nature and extent of changes within the family, with reference to gender roles, domestic labour and power relationships * Gender roles within families: functionalist, feminist, New Right and other views. * The domestic division of labour – changing nature of housework and home-related activities related to changing r oles of men and women and to masculinity and femininity, both in and beyond the home. Decision-making and power relations within households. * Consequences of unequal power: the ‘dark side of the family’, domestic violence, child abuse, mental illness. 4 The nature of childhood, and changes in the status of children in the family and society * The social construction of childhood: how childhood differs over time and between cultures; ways in which childhood is marked as separate from other stages of life. * Children and (paid) work: legal situation in UK; comparison with other countries. * Children as actors within families; the rights and responsibilities of children today. Demographic trends in the UK since 1900; reasons for changes in birth rates, death rates and family size * For each of the three areas of change (birth rates, death rates and family size) students should be aware of the trend, of possible reasons for it and of some cross-cultural/global comparisons. * Birth rates (and fertility rates): falling availability of contraception/family planning; children more likely to survive; cost of raising children; later age of marriage; women giving priority to work, etc. * Death rates: falling higher life expectancy; better health care, protection and treatment for life threatening illness, etc. Family size: falling reasons similar to birth rate but focus on decisions on individual reasons. AQA SCLY2 Unit 2: Education with Research Methods There are 2 sections – choose the CORRECT one, Education (should be section A), and answer all the questions in that section. Time allowed: 2 hours Maximum marks: 90 Time per mark = max 1 1/3 min. Questions with more than 12 marks should be answered in continuous prose and you will be marked on your ability to use good English, to organise information clearly and to use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.The paper has five questions: You are advised to spend 50 minutes on Questions 01 to 04 Y ou are advised to spend 30 minutes on Questions 05 You are advised to spend 40 minutes on Questions 06-09 No| Possible Question outlines| Marks| Timing| 01| definition of key term, e. g. ‘hidden curriculum’| 2 marks| lt;2 mins| Possible questions: * Explain what is meant by the term ‘compensatory’ education. (2 marks) (specimen paper) * Explain what is meant by the term ‘cultural capital’. (2 marks) (January 2009) * Explain what is meant by the term ‘ethnocentric curriculum’. 2 marks) (January 2010) * Explain what is meant by the term ‘vocational’ education. (2 marks) (June 2010) * Explain what is meant by the term ‘cultural deprivation’. (2 marks) (January 2011) * Explain what is meant by the term ‘immediate gratification’. (2 marks) (June 2011)| 02| Explain 3 factorse. g. 3 reasons for boys’ underachievement| 6 marks| lt;6 mins| Possible questions: * Suggest three material factors tha t might cause working-class educational underachievement. (6 marks)(specimen paper) * Suggest three reasons for gender differences in subject choice. 6 marks) (January 2009) * Suggest three ways in which Marxists see school as being similar to the world of work. (6 marks) (January 2010) * Suggest three reasons for boys’ educational under-achievement. (6 marks) (June 2010) * Identify three educational policies that may have contributed to social class differences in achievement. (6 marks) (January 2011) * Identify three policies that may promote the marketisation of education. (6 marks) (June 2011)| 03| Outline some reasons for something e. g. ender differences in subject choice| 12 marks| lt;12 mins| Possible questions: * Outline some of the reasons why different pupil subcultures exist in schools. (12 marks) (specimen paper) * Outline some of the policies introduced by governments to create an education market in the United Kingdom. (12 marks) (January 2009) * Outline some o f the ways in which the labelling process may lead to educational under-achievement for some pupils. (12 marks) (January 2010) * Outline some of the ways in which cultural deprivation may lead to educational under-achievement for working-class pupils. 12 marks) (June 2010) * Outline some of the ways in which factors outside the education system have resulted in improved educational achievement for girls. (12 marks) (January 2011) * Outline some of the functions that the education system may perform. (12 marks) (June 2011)| 04| Essay question:Using material from Item A and elsewhere†¦e. g. assess the claim ‘the main function of education†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢| 20 marks| lt;30 mins| Possible questions: * Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the claim that ‘the main function of education is to maintain a value consensus in society’ (Item A, lines 7 – 8). 20 marks) (specimen paper) * Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the claim that â₠¬Ëœethnic differences in educational achievement are primarily the result of school factors’ (Item A, lines 5 – 6) (20 marks) (January 2009) * Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the claim that gender differences in educational achievement are primarily the ‘result of changes in wider society’ (Item A, lines 6 – 7). (20 marks) (January 2010) * Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the claim that the main aim of education policies in the last 25 years has been to create an education market. 20 marks) (June 2010) * Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the view that the education system exists mainly to select and prepare young people for their future work roles. (20 marks) (January 2011) * Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the view that factors and processes within the school are the main cause of differences in the educational achievement of different social groups. (20 marks) (June 2011)| 05| Method s in contextUsing material from Item B and elsewhere†¦e. g. Assess he strengths and limitations of one of the following methods (observation / official statistics) for investigating teacher attitudes towards minority ethnic group pupils| 20 marks| lt;30 mins| Question 05 requires you to apply your knowledge and understanding of sociological research methods to the study of a particular issue in education. You will need to read Item B and answer the question / questions that follow. Question 05 is worth 20 marks and uses the functional word assess, you will need to carefully read Item B, and identify the ‘hooks’, clues written into the Item about material to include in your answer.To get full marks for this question, you have to successfully interpret material and apply it to answering the question, and explicitly refer back to the question, make it clear how your discussion is answering the question. It is acceptable to repeat key language from the question when do ing this, however, don’t simply make statements such as and this shows how useful observation is for investigating teacher attitudes. This is not good enough, you must explain how your discussion of relevant evidence answers the question.Possible questions: * Using material from Item B and elsewhere, assess the strengths and limitations of one of the following methods for investigating teachers’ attitudes towards minority ethnic group pupils: EITHER participant observation OR questionnaires. (20 marks) (specimen paper) * Using material from Item B and elsewhere, assess the strengths and limitations of one of the following methods for investigating boys’ underachievement: EITHER (i) official statistics OR (ii) unstructured interviews. 20 marks) (January 2009) * Using material from Item B and elsewhere, assess the strengths and limitations of one of the following methods for investigating the effect of material deprivation on educational achievement: EITHER (i) un structured interviews OR (ii) offi cial statistics. (20 marks) (January 2010) * Using material from Item B and elsewhere, assess the strengths and limitations of one of the following methods for investigating anti-school subcultures: EITHER (i) group interviews OR (ii) non-participant observation. 20 marks) (June 2010) * Using material from Item B and elsewhere, assess the strengths and limitations of one of the following methods for investigating the role of parents in pupils’ achievement: EITHER (i) questionnaires OR (ii) unstructured interviews. (20 marks) (January 2011) * Using material from Item B and elsewhere, assess the strengths and limitations of one of the following methods for investigating truancy from school: EITHER (i) official statistics OR (ii) participant observation. (20 marks) (June 2011)| 06| Definition of key term, e. . ‘triangulation’| 2 marks| lt;2 mins| For these questions, you can draw examples from any area of sociology with which you a re familiar. Possible questions: * Explain what is meant by the term ‘triangulation’. (2 marks) (specimen paper) * Explain what is meant by the term ‘longitudinal’ study. (2 marks) (January 2009) * Explain what is meant by the term ‘hypothesis’. (2 marks) (January 2010) * Explain what is meant by the term ‘secondary’ data. (2 marks) (June 2010) * Explain what is meant by ‘primary’ data. 2 marks) (January 2011) * Explain what is meant by ‘validity’ in sociological research. (2 marks) (June 2011) | 07 and 08| Evaluation of methodse. g. 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of using official statistics| 4 marks| lt;4 marks| This question requires you to evaluate a method. Explaining the method or identifying the advantage / disadvantage is not sufficient; make sure you give an example and fully explain the advantage / disadvantage. Possible questions: * Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of a longitudinal st udy. 4 marks) (specimen paper) * Suggest two disadvantages that sociologists may find when using unstructured interviews. (4 marks) (specimen paper) * Identify two sampling techniques used in sociological research. (4 marks) (January 2009) * Suggest two disadvantages of using media reports in sociological research. (4 marks) (January 2009) * Suggest two advantages of using official statistics in sociological research. (4 marks) (January 2010) * Suggest two problems that researchers may face when actively participating in the group they are studying. 4 marks) (January 2010) * Suggest two factors that may influence a sociologist’s choice of research topic. (4 marks) (June 2010) * Suggest two problems of using personal documents in sociological research. (4 marks) (June 2010) * Suggest two disadvantages that sociologists might find when using structured interviews. (4 marks) (January 2011) * Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of using laboratory experiments in sociologic al research. (4 marks) (January 2011) * Explain the difference between a sampling frame and a sample. 4 marks) (June 2011) * Suggest two problems of using documents in sociological research. (4 marks) (June 2011)| 09| Essay question:e. g. Examine some of the problems sociologists may find in using experiments| 20 marks| lt;30 mins| Possible questions: * Examine the disadvantages some sociologists may find when using official statistics in their research. (20 marks) (specimen paper) * Examine the problems some sociologists may face when using experiments in their research. (20 marks) (January 2009) Examine the extent to which practical issues are the most important influence when selecting research methods and a research topic. (20 marks) (January 2010) * Examine the problems some sociologists find with using postal questionnaires in their research. (20 marks) (June 2010) * Examine the advantages of using personal documents and historical documents in sociological research. (20 marks ) (January 2011) * Examine the problems that some sociologists may face when using different kinds of experiments in their research. (20 marks) (June 2011)Revision Checklist Part One of Unit 2: Education 1 The role and purpose of education, including vocational education and training, in contemporary society * Functionalist and New Right views of the role and purpose of education: transmission of values, training workforce * Marxist and other conflict views of the role and purpose of education: social control, ideology, hegemony; ‘deschoolers’ (Illich, Friere): socialisation into conformity by coercion * Vocational education and training: the relationship between school and work:human capital, training schemes, correspondence theory. Differential educational achievement of social groups by social class, gender and ethnicity in contemporary society * Statistics on educational achievement by class, gender and ethnicity; trends over time * Social class and educational achi evement: home environment; cultural capital, material deprivation; language (Bernstein); school factors, relationship between achievement by class in education and social mobility * Gender and educational achievement: feminist accounts of gender-biased schooling; the concern over boys’ ‘underachievement’ and suggested reasons; subject choice; gender identities and schooling * Ethnicity and educational achievement: patterns; reasons for variations; multicultural and anti-racist education; experience of minorities in different types of schools * The relationship between class, gender and ethnicity The effects of changes on differential achievement by social class, gender and ethnicity. 3 Relationships and processes within schools, with particular reference to teacher/pupil relationships, pupil subcultures, the hidden curriculum, and the organisation of teaching and learning * School processes and the organisation of teaching and learning: school ethos; streaming an d setting; mixed ability teaching; the curriculum; overt and hidden * the ‘ideal pupil’; labelling; self-fulfilling prophecy * School subcultures (eg as described by Willis, Mac an Ghaill) related to class, gender and ethnicity * Teachers and the teaching hierarchy; teaching styles * The curriculum, including student choice. The significance of educational policies, including selection, comprehensivisation and marketisation, for an understanding of the structure, role, impact and experience of education * Independent schools * Selection; the tripartite system: reasons for its introduction, forms of selection, entrance exams * Comprehensivisation: reasons for its introduction, debates as to its success * Marketisation: the 1988 reforms – competition and choice; new types of schools (CTCs, academies, specialist schools, growth of faith schools) * Recent policies in relation to the curriculum, testing and exam reforms, league tables, selection, Special Educational N eeds (SEN), etc * Recent policies and trends in pre-school education and higher education. The application of sociological research methods to the study of education * Quantitative and qualitative data in education; the dominance of statistics (eg exam results, league tables) * Positivist and interpretivist approaches as applied to education * Issues, strengths and limitations and examples of the application to the study of education of the main sources of data studied (see Sociological Methods section): * questionnaires o interviews (formal/structured; informal/unstructured) o participant and non-participant observation o experiments o use of documents, official statistics and other secondary data * The theoretical, practical and ethical considerations influencing choice of topic, choice of method(s) and the conduct of research on education. Part Two of Unit 2: Research Methods Quantitative and qualitative methods of research; their strengths and limitations; research design * The difference between quantitative and qualitative methods, primary and secondary methods and source, strengths and limitations, using concepts such as validity, reliability, representativeness * The main factors influencing research design * The research process: main stages. 2 Sources of data, including questionnaires, interviews, participant and non-participant observation, experiments, documents and official statistics; the strengths and limitations of these sources * Through a range of examples students should explore the strengths and limitations in different areas of sociological research of each of the named methods * This should include the types of questions asked, different types of interview and of observation, and the range of documentary and other secondary sources; the value of pilot studies; triangulation; ways of selecting samples. The distinction between primary and secondary data and between quantitative and qualitative data * Primary and secondary data: difference, value of each to sociological research, ways of evaluating usefulness of secondary data * Quantitative and qualitative data: difference, value of each in sociological research, ways of presenting different types of data. 4 The relationship between positivism, interpretivism and sociological methods; the nature of ‘social facts’ * The differences between the positivist and interpretivist approaches, related to choice of method and to issues such as validity, reliability and representativeness, quantitative and qualitative data * The nature of social facts: awareness of the relationship between the research process and social life. The theoretical, practical and ethical considerations influencing choice of topic, choice of method(s) and the conduct of research * Theoretical considerations including the theoretical position of the researcher, issues of validity and reliability, the type of data required * Practical considerations including costs, time, access to respondent s, sample size * Ethical considerations including the interests of researcher and respondents, the researcher’s responsibilities to all involved in the research process, the rights of respondents; issues of anonymity, confidentiality and disclosure. Study of the British Sociological Association’s ethical guidelines is recommended. Websites http://atschool. eduweb. co. uk/barrycomp/bhs/ A very good school-based website with links to a range of content, revision materials, ‘duffers guides’ etc for AS and A2 Sociology. www. esociology. co. ukAnother good school-based website, includes information on education and methods at AS level and crime and deviance at A2. chrisgardner. cadcol. ac. uk/ Sociology Learning Support site with interactive tests and quizzes, good for revision. sociology. org. uk/drevise. htm Sociology Central website produced by Chris Livesey, a Sociology teacher, with specific links to AQA Sociology at AS level. www. s-cool. co. uk A good revision site with an A Level Sociology section. www. sociologyonline. co. uk Site covers good introductory materials (e. g. on gender, class, feminism) and information on some of the big thinkers (e. g.Durkheim, Marx and Weber) www. soc. surrey. ac. uk/sru/ Useful information on a range of sociological research methods, produced by the Sociology Department at the University of Surrey. http://media. pfeiffer. edu/lridener/DSS/ ‘Dead Sociologists Website’ providing summaries and links to information for key Sociological thinkers of the past. sociologyexchange. co. uk/index. php mainly provided for teachers, but lots of resources available to download tutor2u. net/blog/index. php/sociology/ blog site highlighting news stories and developments, with some resources. Good for keeping up to date with contemporary developments in sociology.

Historical character Essay Example

Historical character Essay Example Historical character Essay Historical character Essay Arthur Miller was a playwright who dealt with many issues and themes. His play The Crucible involves a comparison with McCarthyism in the form of the Salem Witch Trials. McCarthyism came about when a politician named Joseph McCarthy tried to cover up his views of an anticommunist policy by using scapegoats. In this play, a girl named Abigail accused almost the whole town of witchcraft. This happened because in her own cunning way she turned the accusation against her, which was created when some girls in the town become ill while conjuring spirits, and used a scapegoat to avoid being hanged. Abigail was the leading figure in both Millers play and real life. Her role in the community was the niece of the village reverend. She appears to be deep and dark minded but intelligent girl who with her age has the power of innocence. Abigail is the leader of this movement as the public hung on to her every word and believed everything she and the rest of the girls say. She knows that she has power and is not afraid of using it to satisfy her needs. The rest of the towns-people see her as a saviour coming from the Devil to rid the world of the witches. The girls and Abigail, however, know that it is just a trick to avoid punishment. As Abigail was the ringleader of the group, she is the first one to use a scapegoat in the form of Tituba. We first see this when Abigail is blamed for the dancing yet quickly turns the blame to Tituba, another servant. When Tituba enters the room Abigail is quick to notice that she could use her as a scapegoat. The fact that Tituba is a black slave from Barbados makes her an easy target, as the people in the room at the time will not believe her innocence over Abigails. This is because they were a racist society. For this, she was easily believed to be under the power of the devil. The reasons for starting all this was cold hearted revenge. The purpose for this might have came from her earlier childhood. She says I will come to you in the black of some terrible night And you know I can do it: I saw Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night. Her violent and traumatising past may contribute to her actions that took place and her attitude towards using life to get her way.

Health and Safety Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health and Safety Management - Essay Example However, such implementation is a far goal that needs to be built upon by first applying other small quality and safety management techniques and policy to achieve a level where one can say that we can do without accidents. Being the Safety Manager it would be difficult to set an unrealistic goal that requires more time and expertise to achieve. Hence I disagree with such an ostentatious goal for a high hazard chemical firm. However, it is not impossible but it needs to be worked upon slowly at first through various other policies. If a high goal is set it would first affect the workers they would be put under extreme pressure that might hinder their work efficiency as well as effectiveness. They need to be properly trained and equipped with the knowledge of undergoing and implementing Zero Accident policy which cannot be achieved in a year’s time let alone derive the desired result of no accidents in a year. This would also require full collaboration and cooperation of all de partments of the firms and their time to first identify and lay down their activity maps and flows and then identify the hazardous situations then look for alternatives and safe ways in doing them and finally implementing the change. All of this is a tedious task that requires various phases and is not likely to be done in a year’s time.

Problems Of Corruption In Ukrainian Government And The Possible Ways Research Paper

Problems Of Corruption In Ukrainian Government And The Possible Ways To Solve It - Research Paper Example As per this report, Ukraine shared this poor corruption status with other third world countries like Bangladesh, Central African Republic, and Syria. In the same year, Ernst & Young identified Ukraine as one of the three most corrupted countries in the world along with Brazil and Columbia. Referring to Wikileaks cables, US diplomats described Ukraine as a state of kleptocracy under the presidency of Kuchma and Yushchenko. This paper will identify the intensity of corruption prevailing in Ukrainian government and suggest some potential remedies to fight the issue. Depth of Corruption in Ukrainian Government Bribes are very common in Ukraine because Ukrainians think that such unfair rewards are customary and expected in every official matters. Referring to recent investigative reports, some of the huge bribes in the country involve more than USD 1 billion. According to a sociological survey conducted by Management Systems International (MSI) in 2008, the level of corruption was very hi gh; in vehicle inspection (57.5%), the police (54.2%), health care (54%), the courts (49%), and higher education (43.6%) (UNO, â€Å"Country reports†). The police and the courts which are in charge of law enforcement in the country are highly corrupted. Undoubtedly, the higher corruption level in the courts and the police become a great obstacle to abolishing this social as well as economic issue. As compared to well developed economies like US and UK, many of the Ukrainians are willing to pay some or other forms of bribes so as to get served fast. Recently in 2011, the Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych admitted that bribes cause the state budget to lose billions of dollars in revenues and a notable percent of public funds â€Å"end up in the pockets of officials† (as qtd in Rachkevych). The president’s words clearly reflect the profundity of corruption in Ukraine. In spite of great media coverage and hot discussions, corruption is still growing to be a majo r growth impediment to the Ukrainian economy. As different surveys point out, nearly 70% of Ukrainians who had dealt with government services over the last five years directly involved in corrupt practices. Experts suggest that this rate would further increase if some respondents were not afraid of consequences. Referring to a report by Danilova, political corruption through the use of administrative tools is a key issue challenging the development of the country (â€Å"Hundreds protest..†). Ukrainian politicians mainly use administrative tools to commit election fraud and thereby make election results in their favor. The situation where many of the top Ukrainian governmental officials have been liable for prosecution also indicates how intense the problem of corruption is in the country’s government system. In fact, medical care is free for Ukrainians in state-run hospitals. However they pay money there to make sure that they receive quality treatment whenever require d. Recently some advocacy groups have accused the Ukrainian Health Ministry officials for misappropriating the money that should have used to treat AIDS patients. They claim that officials bought AIDS drugs at highly inflated prices and received kickbacks in return. As Nitsevych points out, business firms in Ukraine widely engage in corruptive practices in order to take advantages of business licensing, taxation, and customs (â€Å"Potential for German investors..†

Ch.15 - Book - America's Courts and the Criminal Justice System by Essay

Ch.15 - Book - America's Courts and the Criminal Justice System by David W. Neubauer, Henry F. Fradella - Essay Example determined by the parole board who take into account the minimum sentence plus the prisoner’s good behaviour while in jail (positive rehabilitation). Liberal criticism of indeterminate sentencing law is based upon the fact that people who have committed similar crimes usually serve different number of years. This discrepancy creates an ambiguous sentencing system. Conservatively, indeterminate sentencing is based on the principle of rehabilitation. Evidence in the 1970s revealed that rehabilitation had very little impact on the convict’s future decisions with respect to crime. The rehabilitation system also focused on the convict, neglecting the crime and the victims. There was no sense of punishment, retribution or deterrence. Indeterminate sentencing were once very popular but it was however noted that at times judges were too lenient and that rehabilitation did not stop convicts from committing more crimes in the future. Legislature therefore instituted mandatory minimum sentences that had to be served irrespective of good behaviour. Apart from this, sentencing guidelines were also adopted to prevent ambiguous sentencing. Finally, legislatures adopted three-strike laws that act as reinforcement to rehabilitation measures. Indeterminate laws were very common in the 1970s but we however full of inconsistencies. Due to several criticisms about their effectiveness, legislatures around the country undertook several modifications in order to justify its

Population and Evironment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Population and Evironment - Essay Example Population growth and environmental deterioration are directly linked together. Increased population has exacerbating impact on the anthropometrical damage to the environment. As the population increase, it puts extra pressure on the natural resources. More forests are cut, more land is used, and more industries are setup that creates industrial pollution. The air, water and soils are heavily polluted. In order to cope with this emerging situation the richer nations shift their industrial setups to the poorer nations and are always bent upon destroying the natural resources base of the poorer regions for their own benefits. This imbalance further destroys the opportunities for the poor of the world. Therefore the immediate solution is to strike a balance between population growth, development and ecological preservation. For instance, in the case of Uganda population in 1948, was just 5 million but by 2002 the population had grown five-fold to 24.4 million. If current rates of growth persist, population will hit 51.9 million in 2025. This situation has been wrongly obtained by the ill-conceived ideology of the Ugandan President who thought that he would develop the country on like Chinese model. Instead Uganda sunk into deeper poverty. Solution lies in the simple, quite

Components of Qualitative Approaches Assignment

Components of Qualitative Approaches - Assignment Example The three topics all involve the use of qualitative information. To investigate the political opinions of citizens of country A, a researcher has to set interviews that will convert the qualitative attributes into quantitative measures. For example, the interview may have questions like â€Å"Do the candidates you intend to vote for know your economic challenges?† The responses can be assigned numeric indices to measure their level of strength as shown in the example in the table below: While using interviews to gather information from the people, few challenges were met. Some of them were, only a small number of these interviews could take place because they vary in time (University of Portsmouth, 2010). Comparison of in-depth interviews may be difficult since the results may be unique. Due to the size of the sample, in this case, is small, the results are unlikely to be representative of a particular population. The interview process may be time-consuming, in terms of both data collection and analysis. There were many inconsistencies in the results due to bias amongst the people’s tastes and preferences. The following measures were recommended to be more effective in ways of collecting and interpretation of data especially through interviews. To avoid the inconsistencies, the data should be recorded in the agreed upon ways (Phil Rabinowitz, 2013) e.g. if the agreed upon way is using laptops, then laptops should be used to collect all results. Organization of the data is also a very important process that helps during the analysis. For example, the use of Geographical Information Systems is necessary especially when collecting data for investigating the political opinions of citizens based on different regions in that country.   

Population and Evironment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Population and Evironment - Essay Example Population growth and environmental deterioration are directly linked together. Increased population has exacerbating impact on the anthropometrical damage to the environment. As the population increase, it puts extra pressure on the natural resources. More forests are cut, more land is used, and more industries are setup that creates industrial pollution. The air, water and soils are heavily polluted. In order to cope with this emerging situation the richer nations shift their industrial setups to the poorer nations and are always bent upon destroying the natural resources base of the poorer regions for their own benefits. This imbalance further destroys the opportunities for the poor of the world. Therefore the immediate solution is to strike a balance between population growth, development and ecological preservation. For instance, in the case of Uganda population in 1948, was just 5 million but by 2002 the population had grown five-fold to 24.4 million. If current rates of growth persist, population will hit 51.9 million in 2025. This situation has been wrongly obtained by the ill-conceived ideology of the Ugandan President who thought that he would develop the country on like Chinese model. Instead Uganda sunk into deeper poverty. Solution lies in the simple, quite

Main Aspects Of The Supreme Court Operating In The USA Essay

Main Aspects Of The Supreme Court Operating In The USA - Essay Example The outcome of the case was the court vacated the state court's decision and remanded the case for further proceedings. Holding: Yes. It was appropriate for the Court to use the perception of the local public as the basis for judging whether the brochures were obscene or not since they were the ones who received the pictures and filed a complaint against it for they believe it was unnecessary and uncalled for since they did not request for those brochures to be delivered to them. , Cal. Penal Code 311.2 (a) states that an individual who knowingly sends out obscene material is guilty of a misdemeanor Facts: The petitioner was a leader of Ku Klux Klan. The petitioner declared speeches which were aired on television. He was charged with violating Ohio Rev. Code Ann. 2923.1. The law stated that it was not within the confines of the law to teach terrorism or any criminal act and that it is also considered unlawful to organize a group or committee which aims to advocate syndicalism and promote acts of terrorism and crimes. The case was raised to the United States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court finalized the decision that Ohio Rev. Code Ann. ... The US Supreme Court overturned the petitioner's conviction because the decree upon which his conviction was based was unconstitutional. Issue: Was it lawful for the Supreme Court to reverse the decision using the decree U.S. Const. amends I and XIV as their main basis of reversal Holding: Yes. There was no significant and apparent evidence that provided any connection between advocating terrorism and syndicalism and organizing an assembly to execute crime and terrorism. The judgment of Ohio's Court was based on the context wherein the speech of the defendant was made. The speech was said during a rally using phrases such as 'Bury the Niggers". The Supreme Court based their judgment purely on freedom of speech and freedom of the press.

Do Childrens Feet Grow with Age Essay Example for Free

Do Childrens Feet Grow with Age Essay Newman (2011:35) states ‘older kids have bigger feet’. This experiment will explore through an investigation whether childrens shoe sizes do get bigger as they get older. In order for this to be proven, data needs to be collencted, this will be done so by going into a local school and verbally asking pupils and their parents what shoe size they take. The main objective of this experiment if to find out if the hypothesis is correct or incorrect. Aim The aim of this experiment is to determine whether childrens shoe sizes get bigger as they get older. The hypothesis will be tested by completing an experiment, then by examining the results it will be seen whether the hypothesis was right or wrong. Hypothesis – As children get older their shoe size increases Null Hypothesis – As children get older their shoe size does not increase. Method It was decided to collect the data in form of a simple table. This was decided because only certain information was needed about an age and shoe size, therefore a questionnaire would not be suitable. Also, considering the investigation was mainly aimed at children, the table was the simplest way to collect the data. It was decided to ask the parents of the younger children what their shoe size was as it was assumed most younger children would not know their shoe size. Design and Materials The type of study completed is one which gives an outcome of qualitative data. Furthermore, this can then be shown to be ‘continuous data’, where the data can fall anywhere over a certain range and the scale is only restricted by the accuracy of measuring, in this circumstance, measuring children’s shoe sizes (Mathematics Enhancement programme 2000).

Importance Of Customer Service And Quality Control Tourism Essay

Importance Of Customer Service And Quality Control Tourism Essay Customer service and quality control is the most important part for the hotel business industry. The value of excellence in customer service will be acknowledge by this hotel. This hotels management will be introducing quality in customer service. The proposed hotel concept will definitely meet the customer satisfaction and will have satisfied customer. To ensure and keep the quality expected by now days customer, there is two aspects of quality in general with particular attention, design quality and the quality of conformity with design. The design quality is a concept implying the presentation of service directed to the needs of customer and hotel can satisfy customers demands. Our hotel will do market research in order to determine who their customers, and which of their demands require special attention. The quality of conformity with the design completes the first aspect because it represents the level to which service meets the demands of the market. The quality represents the satisfaction of the customers needs and in order to achieve it and keep it in time, we not only need a continuous research into the demands of the customers but also of our own capabilities. Such an approach would ensure the pursuing of constant improvements according to the demands of customer. Service concept This hotel will apply different method to improve their customer service . The delivery of service in this Hotel is dynamic and interactive in process based on the customers perspectives that is much more than trade of payment for a specific service. These features of this Hotel services are heterogeneity, perishabilty and simultaneity that always demand customers to be involved actively in supporting this established service value, through getting their own food in the buffet are, collaboratively working with the service staff and cooperating with the hotel management. There had been a volume of strategies applied by the hotel in order to evaluate the feedbacks of the customers about the service quality. From the implementation of information technology, market researches and some global businesses that puts excellent quality into customer service in order to achieve positive results (Ford et al, 1998). This Hotel will be aspiring to add its values to make the hotel a great place to relax and do business. The hotels core value is We achieve, cope, and exceed our consumers expectations. We will have the commitment for excellence and will provide the highest standards of fairness and integrity. We value the ideas, culture and diversity of people (BHA, 2002). While the advantages of the customer service quality have been recognized already, it is valuable to focus on the customer service quality which is dependent on the seminars, quality of trainings of a firm that experiences on the stages of exerted collaborative efforts. We respect the value and dignity of our customers as we develop our communities through motivating innovation, change and accountability. As we search for growth and knowledge by training. Guest Satisfaction Satisfaction of a customer is a business philosophy which tends to the creation of value for customers and demonstrating ability and responsibility to satisfy their needs. Quality of service and customer satisfaction are critical factors for success of any business (Gronoos, 1990; Parasuraman et al., 1988). As Valdani (2009) points out: enterprises exist because they have a customer to serve. The key to achieve sustainable advantage lies in delivering high quality service that results in satisfied customers (Shemwellet al, 1998). Quality of service and satisfaction of a customer are key factors to obtain competitive advantage and keep good relationship with customer. For management team of a hotel Nowadays one of the biggest challenges in the hotel industry is to provide and support customer satisfaction. Quality products and service is main requirements for customer in the hotel industry. The starting point of business is customer satisfaction. customers higher commitment and increase their return rate depends in positive relationships with the customer. Long-term and reciprocally advantageous relationships between customers and the hotel is becoming progressively important because of the highly positive correlation between guests overall satisfaction levels and the probability of their return to the same hotel (Choi Chu, 2001). management thinks that the hotels employee relations are good they will deliver satisfactory service to the guests. Hotel is dedicated to organize the pace for the hotel industry, increasing the bar on how it develops. Established according to diversity, the firm states that is the core values of the company in order to make an environment to make customers happy. It blends and mines the skills of its staff all over the world and takes care of their hotel guests. It is a commitment that starts at the top management, but also contributes to the tasks of each staff Our staff will do everything to ensure that you leave our hotel happy, so if there is a complaint, it is addressed with the utmost of haste. If your complaint remains unresolved or you leave disappointed, any one of our staff can invoke the 100% Guest Satisfaction Guarantee. This means that you will not have to pay for your room or the service in question. Our staff will do everything to ensure that you leave our hotel happy, so if there is a complaint, our customer service team will handle the complaint as soon as possible. If customers complaint remains unresolved or customer leave disappointed, any of our staff can solve the problem ,This means that you will not have to pay for your room or the service .To keep you coming back time and again, we strive to provide an exceptional service level at all times. This is our promise to youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ or your money back. Location The hotel will be located in heart of Birmingham where the close attractions include Bullring shopping centre, Birmingham royal ballet, Alexandra Theatre, Sea life centre and international convention centre. Main reason for booking a hotel room in a culturally established in western country and any hotel located to numerous sightseeing places and attractive visiting sites is a fast-look(Nadeau and Ryan, 2010, p-444). The guest can make the most out of their day, in this Hotel in Birmingham. The guest can go back to the hotel after spending the entire day with colleagues, family and friends, have a slumber party, have fun the comfortable amenities of the hotel. The basic hotel feature will be the city centre location that will be nearby Bull Ring wonderfully located hotel in the second largest city of England in Birmingham.. The hotel location will be very convenient for all the guests and visitors due to the short walking distance towards various attractive locations including the Na tional Sea Life Centre, National Indoor Arena, Colmorow Business District and International Convention Centre. Other entertainment, shopping and dining venues will also be closely available such as the Mailbox and Bullring. Additionally, the hotel location will also be convenient for traveling due to Birmingham International Airport around twenty minutes drive and Train Station that are closest to hotel with five-minute walk. Front office The guest services and front office are the most important part of a Hotel. As the representatives for the service keepers and experience if the main keys to their guest drivers satisfaction, these two departments are crucial to the continual efficiency of the brands, company and hotels in general. The guest services and front office provide the consistent guest relation, with the most miscellaneous operating experience in this Hotel in Birmingham. The guest service and front office are related avidly to service quality and the much information that establish comforting and warm memories to the entire visit of the guests. They make sure that their guests are comfortable while far from home; even if they are there for leisure, travel of business (Hannan and Freeman, 2000). The Front Office Department will have: Reception Guest Service Offices Bell Services Reservation Operators Executive Club Health and Recreation Centre and Business Centre. Our hotel will provide guest assistance with luggage, transportation etc.The reason of the Front Office Department is to provide guests assistance with luggage, transportation, information concerning the hotel and the city, and any other service arrangements needed during their stay. Staff of the Front Office Department often provides the first and last impression of the hotel to our guests. It is therefore vitally important that employees display a prompt and courteous attitude to all guests and demonstrate the excellence in service. Manager of the front office who will come under the direct supervision of the Director of Rooms and supervises the Front Office Department. Hospitality, warm welcome is very essential. Management team in front office will provide first and last impression. They will try to have longest contact with guest, Long term service, recognition of repeat guests, remember names, guest histories. Staff will be trained how to upselling or suggestive sell to a customer(eg. Suggest deluxe or suites). Housekeeping concept in hotel This hotel will be experiencing in housekeeping operation in the hospitality industry and effectively managing the housekeeping function and staff. The management team of the hotel will develop procedures, service standards and operational policies, planning and implementing effective control. Excellent relationship building and vendor negotiation skills and will provide soft skills training for all levels of manpower and managing large teams and motivate the team members which will meet the customer satisfaction. Core member of the team will involve in the planning and setting up of housekeeping department at this five star hotel and spa and relationship with team members to create a harmonized work environment and eye for detail combined with skills to plan and implement novel ideas that increases customer satisfaction. Most of the hotel have this problem, Pillow Cases Off, She et Off Bed or dirty, Lift Mattress Foot, Lift Mattress Head, unclean toilet , tiles, not been vacuum, unclean carpet, unclean bath,sower , not stoked up, unclean curtain etc. In our hotel in Birmingham we will make sure all the staff been trained properly about hospitality , service, deal with complains, customer needs and the above issue, we will try our best not to happen the above issue in our hotel Bedroom concept As a five star hotel will have luxury bedrooms and bedroom service. Normally hotel rooms are divided into six types: one bed room, two double bed room, two bed executive room, king bed room, king bed executive room, and suite in order to meet customers satisfaction this hotel will have 28m by 2 spacious rooms that features the signature of their brands with the ceiling is about three meters highs, ultra comfortable bed and oversized pillows as well as the roomy bath amenities and walk-in showers made by Bliss Spa. Each room is equipped with supplementary wifi Internet and a plug and play connectivity, which links most computer devices to the 42 inches LCD TV, turning the guest room into a high technology office as well as entertainment room. Quality Control Quality control is the case of failure of many hospitality organization. Quality control is relatively easy to manage. In our hotel we will make sure quality is gone be on top of the range. the importance of the effective management of the delivery of quality service is becoming more evident throughout all aspects of the service sector and especially in the hospitality industry. The quality of service in hotel industry is an important factor of successful business. Existing trend of complete quality management in hotel industry ensures the achievement of competitive advantage of hotel companies. Similarly, the Ritz-Carlton hotel company, the recognized leader of the quality movement in the hotel industry, employs gold standards(their credo, motto, and basics) to communicate their commitment to quality service. Express Laundry Most probably in our hotel average guests stays at a hotel around two days, which makes getting laundry done a complicated matter. But our hotel will have Express Laundry. All shirts, blouses, socks, underwear, pants and other pieces of clothing, handed in before 8 p.m. will be returned fresh and clean that same evening. Check in and checkout This hotel will have a excellent check in system in place for the guest. The front office receptionist answer telephone and make reservation for the guest and will check the internet about reservation information . They also take messages and distribute mail both to guests and employees of the hotel. There is a special discount for the online customer so we encouraged our customer to book online. We will have a system to check out guest without causing any problem. Checkout procedures are essential for maintaining and growing our customer base that as the final impression that our customer will have of our hotel. We will ensure that our front office staff makes the most of this opportunity by developing a checklist for your checkout. This is one of way to meet customers satisfaction, keep customers loyalty. In our hotel there will a express check in and checkout system, so customer dont have to wait for check in or checkout in the front counter. Even with our improved departure process with Satellite Reception desks, some guests cannot spare the time to check-out in the morning. For our guests in a rush we offer Express Check-Out to save valuable time and ensure an efficient and accurate check-out, by offering the options of sending invoice by email, mail or a quick pick-up at the reception desk Bar service We will have bar area for the customer and there will be a restaurant in the same floor with open kitchen so customer can see directly how we take care of our customers food. We will have a live music show for our customer in every weekend and drinks for our customers and also open to public. We will have A large screen led TV on the other side of lobby. Sometimes, customers can watch football match whilst enjoying meal. High speed internet access This hotel will be providing high speed internet connection and hotel will have this following facilities:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢- ª High-Speed Internet connection in the entire building including the common areas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢- ª Automatically assigns IP address via DHCP (Dynamically Host Control Protocol).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢- ª Always-on Internet no dialup just plug in and start to browse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢- ª Each room is on its own Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) connection thus protecting your data from other users.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢- ª Public internet protocol address assignment for VPN access.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢- ª Firewall protection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢- ª 24 hour support service for technical assistance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢- ª No additional software required to connect. Conclusion As the customer service quality is affected by different elements such as hotel management and staffs , in the case of this Hotel, it will be obvious that solely the training is not enough for excellent service quality (Ford et al, 1998). . The dedication to adaptability and leadership of the management on change are also valuable to service quality The possibility and feasibility of establishment of a new contemporary hotel in Birmingham will be successful. This new concept of the hotel is designed and planned with the new planning and designing in order to make the guests stay very comfortable with confidante and with satisfaction. This hotel in Birmingham Will be giving sufficient power to effectively contribute customer satisfaction.

Essay --

MEDICAL HISTORY/BACKGROUND Concussions are probably one of the most known injuries to the brain right now, especially when it comes to sports. The life-long question has yet to be answered on how to truly cure concussions. Whether its sports, war explosions, or just falling off a ladder concussions are bound to happen to anybody and likely in one’s lifetime. Although most brain trauma is just mild and not very serious (Mayo Clinic, 2011). As far as determining if one has a concussion it can sometimes be very difficult. The symptoms between concussions and Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) can be very similar and can be hard to outline. This can be a nuisance later on if symptoms persist to determine on the treatment type (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 2013). SYMPTOMS There are many symptoms of a concussion, but none are that profound. Symptoms can a lot of times not be immediate if conscious. Usually victims are not unconscious. Symptoms can last for days and even months (Mayo Clinic, 2011). There are three general areas that concussions can fall under: physical, cognitive (brain function), and psychological or emotion (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 2013). Some symptoms include; headache, confusion, dizziness, amnesia, ringing in the ears, nausea, fatigue, and slurred speech. These are most but there are still plenty of symptoms still out there and more to be discovered (Mayo Clinic, 2011). This paper is mostly going to focus on the cognitive symptoms and how they affect patients. Victims of a concussion usually see all categories of symptoms but one sever category that a concussion can affect a person is cognitively. Cognitively means it deals with the brains functions and how trauma can affect its functions dai... ...the person gets a lot of rest and takes care of his body, then they should recover in not time, a few months top. Again it also varies based on the severity of the injury (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Now, the glutathione that had just been recently discovered to neutralize the brain cell killing molecules has not been tested on humans yet. It has been tested on rat’s and the deceased human’s brains. After applying the glutathione directly onto the skull after the injury it reduced the cell death to 67 percent, 50 percent three hours after the injury, which is a great thing that they are able to still treat even if they don’t diagnose a concussion at first (Roth, 2013). Yeah this isn’t a huge break-through considering that they haven’t tried it on humans, but it is a very big step to finding a way to effectively repair the brain after a concussion and even a possible cure.

british punk Essay -- essays research papers

Punk This is Peter Inskip coming to you live from triple j, with this week’s segment in our ‘Music and Society’ series. For the next half hour we’ll be looking at the punk music scene starting in the mid-seventies. Punk was born in the early 70’s in New York, and is still evolving. No other style in the history of rock, has been so uncompromising, or made such a dramatic impression as Punk Rock. The two versions of punk, the original American and its British descendent, were very different. British punk was aggressive and angry. It demanded immediate change and had no interest in working for the solution. The Sex Pistols typified British Punk with such songs as "Anarchy In The UK," which did not give a thought to anarchy's effect. American punk seemed lazy by comparison. It was sarcastic where the English version was more violent; the British pushed one step further, thus gaining more recognition. The first of the punk rock bands to be signed up with a record company were the Ramones. The Ramones survived through to the mid 90’s and still have a huge following. In that time they released over a dozen albums, most of their songs are short and simple three or four chord arrangements. Artists like the Ramones, Patti Smith, Television, Talking Heads, and Blondie, came out of the U.S, but Punk took on greater strength in England, where Bands such as the Sex Pistols, the Damned, the Clash, and the Buzzcocks emerged with more aggression than their softer Amer... british punk Essay -- essays research papers Punk This is Peter Inskip coming to you live from triple j, with this week’s segment in our ‘Music and Society’ series. For the next half hour we’ll be looking at the punk music scene starting in the mid-seventies. Punk was born in the early 70’s in New York, and is still evolving. No other style in the history of rock, has been so uncompromising, or made such a dramatic impression as Punk Rock. The two versions of punk, the original American and its British descendent, were very different. British punk was aggressive and angry. It demanded immediate change and had no interest in working for the solution. The Sex Pistols typified British Punk with such songs as "Anarchy In The UK," which did not give a thought to anarchy's effect. American punk seemed lazy by comparison. It was sarcastic where the English version was more violent; the British pushed one step further, thus gaining more recognition. The first of the punk rock bands to be signed up with a record company were the Ramones. The Ramones survived through to the mid 90’s and still have a huge following. In that time they released over a dozen albums, most of their songs are short and simple three or four chord arrangements. Artists like the Ramones, Patti Smith, Television, Talking Heads, and Blondie, came out of the U.S, but Punk took on greater strength in England, where Bands such as the Sex Pistols, the Damned, the Clash, and the Buzzcocks emerged with more aggression than their softer Amer...

McDonaldization

Weber viewed bureaucracies as such a powerful form of social organization that he predicted they would come to dominate social life.   He called this process the rationalization of society, meaning that bureaucracies, with their rules, regulations, and emphasis on results would increasingly govern our lives.   Sociologist George Ritzer (2006) see the thousands of McDonald’s restaurants that are in the United States and more and more around the globe as having much greater significance than simply convenience of burgers and shakes. McDonaldization is defined as the process of how the principle of the fast-food restaurant is coming to take over more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the globe.   Ritzer holds that predictability, calculability and control over people through the replacement of human and non-human technology are the elements behind Weber’s formal rationality. Ritzer compares the fast-food restaurant with the home-made meal, and finds it to be more expensive and less pleasant.   You could also compare it to the traditional cuisine restaurant.   By comparison fast-food restaurants are obviously cheaper, more informal and more accessible to more people.   In such a comparison the fast-food restaurants may be seen as a kind of democratization of the restaurant services. And it is certainly something that Americans see as predictable, calculable and having control over society. Fast food restaurants have replaced the social interaction that was once a tradition of Mom staying home to cook and all sitting down to eat at a certain time (and usually when Dad had come home from work after a long day at work).   Now with the two parents working family the fast food restaurant has helped bureaucracies to expand and develop the twenty-four hour society.   The growth of the fast-food industry has also been one of the factors both enabling and resulting in the growth of female out of the home paid employment. According to Ritzer the credit car is the most important American icon, because it is a means to obtaining other American icons.   Ritzer uses the credit card as a window to get a better view of American society and culture, it expresses something about America.   It speeding planting around the globe gives other cultures and societies an American express or appearance.   Through the use of the cards other cultures, according to Ritzer, are Americanized. Through the credit card has it good points, Ritzer focuses on the darker side and attendant problems such as consumerism and debt, fraud, invasion of privacy, rationalization and homogenization in the shape of Americanization.   The money economy is associated with a temptation to imprudence and a resulting risk of overspending and going deeply into debt.   According to Ritzer, both the intangibility of money and the swiftness of transactions increase with the use of credit cards.   As a result credit cards will lead to even greater levels of imprudence. The author shows that credit card debt has become the most common form of financial liability in the U.S.   Even though the risks of imprudence are more or less intrinsic to the cards he also blames the credit card industry for luring people even deeper into debt problems.   Ritzer lays out the malaise of the American consumer society, criticizing the credit card companies for their exploitative conduct and the American government for their unwillingness to regulate industry and to give consumers adequate protection. Reference: Ritzer, G. (2006).   McDonaldization: The Reader.   New York: Sage Publication.    McDonaldization McDonaldization was a term originated by sociologist George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society (1995). In this book, he described the process through which a society takes shape the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant. For Ritzer McDonaldization displayed a rationalization, or moving from traditional to rational modes of thought, and scientific management. In his theory,   Max Weber displayed the model of the bureaucracy to represent the direction of this changing society, through this Ritzer saw the fast-food restaurant to become a more representative contemporary paradigm. According to Ritzer there were four main components of McDonaldization. This he described to be efficiency, calculability, predictability and control. In efficiency he described the optimal method for accomplishing a task. Here Ritzer pertained to the best method that would help you reach the efficiency of reaching the fastest method to get from point A to point B. This is being displayed in your typical McDonald’s customers set up; that the fastest way to get from being hungry to being full is to eat at McDonald’s. In Calculability Ritzer showed that the main objective should be quantifiable which can be displayed through sales rather than subjective for example taste. In the rise of McDonaldization, it developed the notion that quantity should be equal to quality. This sprung from the typical goal of a business enterprise to serve a large amount of goods to deliver to its customer in a short amount of time. It was interpreted that this should be the same as high quality goods. This generally gave the people the impression that of how much they’re getting verses how much they’re paying in purchasing goods. Through this organizations want consumers to believe that they are getting a larger amount of goods for a smaller amount of money. Thus workers in these organizations also can be judged by how fast they are in production instead of the quality of work they do. Predictability – standardized and uniform services. In describing predictability Ritzer pertained to the predictability and uniformity of receiving the same service and receiving the same goods every time a person purchases anything at any â€Å"McDonaldized† organization. It is also reflected in the performance of the workers in those said organizations. Each person and organization is tasked to maintain a level of highly repetitive, highly routined, and predictable tasks. In control Ritzer showed the display of standardized and uniform employees, which was the replacement of human by non-human technologies. Through this each â€Å"McDonalized† organization is in control of it operations very carefully to achieve the predictable goals it set for itself. These four processes shows a strategy which is rational within a narrow scope but can also lead to outcomes that are harmful or irrational. In Ritzer’s book, the process of McDonaldization can be summarized as the way in which â€Å"the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world.† (Ritzer, 1996). Through this it is manifested how society is being shaped through the principles being set to us by the standards and values of the popular fast food chain called McDonald’s. It was not only through the domination of the McDonalds food chain can we attribute the McDonaldization of society, it is by how the trend of the McDonalds phenomenon of success where in we can see the reflection why such food chain has given such a large impact to society. In McDonaldization that the pattern of being set by the popular fast food chain McDonald’s is not being restricted to the domain of the fast-food market. It is even quite evident in the modernizing society that this wave of McDonaldization can be seen in the manifestations of the supermarket. It is now evident that supermarkets has now come be the replacement for the corner store and has since itself been superseded by all sorts of hypermarkets. In the world of entertainment video shop chains and Disneyland are can display McDonaldization. While in the arena of healthcare it has been also noticeable how house doctors has been irretrievably replaced by a much more streamlined, effective, all-encompassing, but, alas, also a much more impersonal system of health care. In the world of printing press, the American nationwide newspaper USA Today is sometimes referred to as McPaper (Ritzer, 1996, p. 7). This paper exemplifies how the news can be perfected through its presentation of the current events in a standardized manner, this way it is more easily digestible for the readers. This way a very specific and easily recognizable layout, and shorter pieces with no continuation of reports on later pages, as well as a number of other measures, can ensure absolute predictability and thus efficiency. Just as much as tomorrow's Big Mac in LA will be the same as yesterday's in New York, so much will USA Today live up to your expectations. â€Å"USA Today gives its readers only what they want. No spinach, no bran, no liver.† (Ritzer, 1996, p. 76) Probably, one of the most notable and important institution that was McDonalized should be the domain of higher education. Initially, we could only begin to imagine ho shocking implications of McDonaldization can pose to us and our kids. Despite that, this is exactly what McDonaldization poses to our students having that grade point averages and the ranking of institutions, giving us trends of modernized education. It is predictability is a clear manifestation that even our education system has been McDonalized through time in modernization. Through this efficiency is more and more accomplished by means of multi-choice tests and even more, by standardized textbooks and preset tests that accompany them. Modernization of the education arena is clearly making our students lose a personal and cultural touch in the spheres of learning specially when it comes to discussions of history, culture and heritage. Specifically in the context of the creation and distribution of scientific information, the ever-present spectre of â€Å"publish or perish† must be mentioned. One can hardly overemphasize the detrimental effects such policies, founded as it’s in a paradigm of quantification, has on the quality of the information disseminated in scientific journals. While the efficiency in the aspect of the different spheres of society being imposed by McDonaldization can be advantageous to man kind, I think the McWorld is being taken into to many levels by most institutions that we are revolving around today. While it may be true that a McDonald’s happy meal is an efficient way to satisfy one’s hunger, I believe we are slowly but surely losing touch of the original nutritional value that can be manifested in the cultural degradation which is evident all around the world in the manifestation of the new wave of globalization. These days it the cultural display amongst younger people of different races and religions can barely be seen as the youth is now packaged in to one technological generation where in culture can only be displayed by one standardized McMTV generation where the genre has been set by pioneers of the entertainment industry. Negative manifestations can be seen through this as the youth has now set a trend of detachment to the world around them. The rampant display of violence and sex in media doesn’t help at all as escalating levels of juvenile delinquency is now more evident in the lifestyle of today’s youth. The consumer culture is now at a wide spread like wild fire catching ablaze all that is in sight in one quick round. It is true that the McDonaldization is evident in society today. Its fast domination of the world is not only amuzing but more alarming if you ask me. Different organizations across the globe is now in a totally different level of competitiveness that they begin to lose touch of the goals and mission while focusing on how to cope with the wave of coping with the big player of each modernized and changing Mcfield of the world that is now crossing barriers of culture religion and any differences that used to divide the world for both good and bad reasons. While it is a good concept that the world can be united as one, unfortunately now Mcdonaldization is dividing it more in ways that can be irepairable as we now lose touch of our personal individuality in the mass scale of Mcpattenting each person to be one big global market. Ritzer was right that the world was being Mcdonalized, what we can only hope for now is that this trend wont get big enough for our lives to be turned into packaged happy meals because that way we lose touch of so many important levels of our individuality that we should appreciate and embrace in our daily lives. References: Ritzer, G. (1996). The McDonaldization of Society. Revised ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Pine Forge. 265p. Alfino, M.,Caputo J., & Wynyard R. (1996). McDonaldization Revisited: Critical Essays on Consumer Culture, Westport: Praege